The study of individuals and the uniwques insight each individual gives into human behaviour
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How is the idiographic approach qualitative?
its focus is to gain an understanding of psychology by studying one individual in depth rather than gaining data from multiple individuals
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What examples are there of qualatative idiographic reaserch?
case studies, unstructured interviews and thematic analasys
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How did Frued use an idiographic approach to study little Hans?
the case study consisted of 150 pages of verbatum bquotes from Hans and his father as well as a detailed description of Hans's life in addtition to Freuds own interpretation of the events (Freud 1909)
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Which other psychological school is noted for using an idiographic approach?
the humanistic school of psychology
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Why do humanist psychologists favour the idiographic approach?
Because the idiographic appoach is concerned with studying the whole person and seeing the world from the perspective of that person. A subjective expiriance is not something that can be mesured quantitativly
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How does the idiographic aproach effect rreaserch methods?
Allport (1961) used the idiographic apporach to test the hypothosis that the idiographic perspective could tell us more about human behaviour than personality tests. he tested this by studying Jenny Masterson
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What did Allport (1861) call his approach?
The psychology of the individual
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What is the aim of the nomothetic appraoch?
To study large numbers of people and seek to make genrelisations or develop laws/theories ablout hteir behaviour. it is seen as more scientific
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How is nomothetic reaserch quantitative?
quatitave research is based on numbers - mesures of central tendency and dispersion, graphs and statistical analisis. For this large numbers of PPs are required
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How can the biological approach be considered nomothertical?
the Biological appproach seeks to make genrelistations about the base level of brain activity that can be genrelised to a far larger population, data for studies is usually drawn from a wide variaty of PPs
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How has the biological appraoch failed to be nomothetic?
by only testing and generalising conditions to male animals (fight or flight response)
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What gerneral laws of behaviour did behaviourists develop?
classical and operant conditioning
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How was the behaviourist approach nomothetic?
they drew data from many PPs some animal, some human.
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Why did the distinction between human and non-human not matter to the behaviourists?
because they sought to sevelop genreral rules for human and animals
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Cognetive psychology uses case studies such as HM how is it nomothetic?
it seeks to develop general rules about conditions like memory that can be widely applied. case studies that study the abnormal mind are are nesesary to understand the normal mind
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What is the nomothetic counterpoint to Allport (1961)
Eysenk's (1947) psychometric approach to personality
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What is a psychometric approach to personality?
mesuring psychological charictersitcs such as personality and intellegence. Large numbers of PPs are tested and theri scores can inform us about what is normal and abnormal
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What is an EPQ?
Eysenk's Personality Questionaire collected lare amounts of data to produce personality types
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