A horizontal row of elements in the Periodic Table. The atoms of the elements have the same number of shells but with an increasing number of electrons in the outer shell.
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Card 17
Front
The minimum energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in a gaseous state.
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Card 18
Front
The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.
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Card 19
Front
A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings as a result of forming products with stronger bonds than the reactants.
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Card 20
Front
A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings as a result of forming products with weaker bonds than the reactants.
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Card 21
Front
The heat transferred during a reaction carried out under standard conditions.
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Card 22
Front
The energy required to break a mole of covalent bonds in the reactant, all reactants and products being in a gaseous state.
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Card 23
Front
The increase in concentration of products (or the decrease in concentration of reactants) per unit time.
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Card 24
Front
The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to take place.
