Human Biology Definitions

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The techniques used for tool-making by Homo erectus.These tools had slimmer and straighter cutting edges (called bifaces) than the earlier Oldowan tools.
Acheulian culture
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The stage in mitosis where the daughter chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase
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A small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located in the wall of the aorta.
aortic bodies
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A virus that infects bacteria.
bacteriophage
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A system whereby living organism are given two names based on Latin. The first name is the genus, and the second name the species.
binomial system
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Part of the medulla in the brain. Responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats.
cardiovascular centre
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A small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located in the wall of the carotid artery.
carotid bodies
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Receptor cells that detect changes in blood pH.
chemoreceptors
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A stable community of plants and animals that will remain unchanged unless the environment changes.It results from the process of succession.
climax community
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The volume inside the skull. It can be estimated by pouring dry sand into the skull. This gives an estimate of the volume of brain that was inside the skull.
cranial capacity
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A protein found in mitochondria, that is needed in respiration. It is useful in studying evolutionary relationships between organisms.
cytochrome c
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An enzyme that joins DNA nucleotides together to form a strand of DNA.
DNA polymerase
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A condition in whichi the individual has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. It results from non-disjunction.
Down's syndrome
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A hole in the skull where the backbone meets with the skull.
foramen magnum
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A system in which big groups are suddivided into smaller groups with no overlap.
hierarchy
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A type of protein that is found with DNA in chromosomes. It is important in packaging DNA to form chromosomes. However, bacterial DNA does not contain it.
histone
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A pair of chromosomes which have the same genes but different allelles.
homologous chromosomes
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An organism that a parasite lives in or on, feeding from it and causing it harm.
host
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The stage in the cell cycle where a cell is not dividing. During this period proteins are made, cell organelles are replicated,respiration occurs and DNA is replicated.
interphase
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The position of a gene on a chromosome.
locus
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The ability of cereal grain crops to be blown over by the wind and the rain.
lodging
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A cancerous tumour that destroys the surrounding tissues. Cells from it may spread through the body via the blood or lymphatic system and cause secondary tumours eleswhere.
malignant tumour
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The fluid filled area inside the mitochondrion. It contains enzymes used in aerobic respiration.
matrix
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The stage in mitosis where the chromosomes are arranged around the equator of the spindle.
metaphase
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The process by which a cell can break off a primary tumour and travel in the blood or lymph system to start off a secondary tumour elsewhere in the body.
metastasis
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Microscopic scratch marks found on bones and teeth. It can give an indication of the kind of food eaten by an organism.
microwear
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The techniques used for tool-making by Neanderthals. These were tools made from stone flakes, refined by using a softer hammer of bone,wood or stone.
Mousterian culture
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The process by which the best-adapted organisms in a population survive, reproduce and pass on their allelles to their offspring.
natural selection
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These are genes that stop a cell dividing too often. They work by coding for receptor proteins that control cell division, or by coding for a specific growth factor.
proto-oncogene
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The inability of two populations to interbreed because of changes in their reproduction i.e. one population may produce gametes at a different time of year to the other group.
reproductive isolation
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A variation that gives one organism an advanatge over another organism, making it more likely that it will survive and reproduce.
selective advantage
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The means by which DNA replicates. It results in each daughter molecule containing one old strand and one newly made strand.
semi-conservative replication
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The process by which new species develop.
speciation
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Changes in the community of plants and animals living in an area over a period of time.
succession
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The stage in mitosis when the daughter chromosomes unwind, becoming shorter and thinner. the spindle fibres break down and a new nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes.
telophase
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A mass of abnormal cells that keep multiplying in an abnormal way.
tumour
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A gene that codes for a protein to stop cells dividing.
tumour suppressor gene
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The differences that exist between living organisms.
variation
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A cell formed by the fusion of two gametes in teh process of sexual reproduction.
zygote
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The mechanism by which the air in contact with a gas exchange surface is changed.
ventilation
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The monomer from which polynucleotides are made. They contain a five-carbon sugar,a phosphate group and an organic base.
nucleotide
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The stage in mitosis where the daughter chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Back

anaphase

Card 3

Front

A small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located in the wall of the aorta.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A virus that infects bacteria.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

A system whereby living organism are given two names based on Latin. The first name is the genus, and the second name the species.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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