Continentality (Centre of continent doesnt recieve as much rain), Highlands (Acts as a barrier that restricts rainfalls), Coastal Fog (cold offshore currents holds less moisture - less rain), Human Factors (Water abstraction reduces amount of water)
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Climatic features of hot arids
Long hours of sunshine, low rainfall and droughts, extreme temperature range (due to clear skies - radiation loss), little to no clouds, strong winds.
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Physical weathering
exfoliation, wetting+drying, hot+cold, hydration, granular disintergration, freeze-thaw, salt crystal growth.
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chemical weathering
solution, acid action, oxidation.
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Biological Weathering
plant roots, animals burrowing.
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Why is wind so effective?
pressure differences, little vegetation, flat land.
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How does wind erode?
Corrasion, attrition, deflation.
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Wind transportation
Suspension, saltation, surface creep.
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why is water a major factor?
Flash floods (hot ground=rapid runoff of water), Exogenous rivers, groundwater.
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Hot Arid features result from;
Erosion, transport, deposition.
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Water features
Canyons, salt pans.
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Wind features
Sand dunes, sculpted rocks.
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Ecosystems adapt to arid environments due to;
prolonged drought, cold nights, hot days, strong winds, high salt content due to evaporation of water, competition for food and water.
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how plants adapt;
small in size, deep roots, thick stems to store water, small waxy leaves to reduce water loss, bright in colour to attract few pollinators.
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how animals adapt;
small in size, hibernate in dry seasons, store water in bloodstream, padded feet, large ears, concerntrated urine and faeces, light colour to reflect heat and blend in.
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how are arid environments fragile?
extreme climates, delicate water supply, low-energy environment, limited range of species, low population of humans.
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opportunites from arid environments
power production, tourism and film industry (economy), settlement (military, resorts) Mining for raw materials (oil, coal ores), agriculture, military testing zone.
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Challenges from arid enironments - physical
harsh and extreme climate, thin and salty soil, thick and tough vegetation (cacti), hostile ecosystem (snakes).
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Challenges from arid environments - human
high-cost to maintain, remote, land transport difficult and limited, pollution threats, existing population (aberiginals), conservation.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Long hours of sunshine, low rainfall and droughts, extreme temperature range (due to clear skies - radiation loss), little to no clouds, strong winds.
Back
Climatic features of hot arids
Card 3
Front
exfoliation, wetting+drying, hot+cold, hydration, granular disintergration, freeze-thaw, salt crystal growth.
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