The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain the optium conditions for function in response to internal and external changes
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What does an automatic control system consist of?
Receptor cells, co-ordination center and effector
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What does a change in environment called?
Stimulus
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What does homeostasis consit of?
Consists of automatic control systems making sure that the internal conditions of the body stay as constant as possible
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What does the nervous system consist of?
The central nervous system (CNS) and other nerves runing to and from the central nervous system
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What is contraception?
Ways to prevent fetillisation
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Name a common method of contraception?
To use oral contraceptives e.g. pill
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What happens if a women takes a contraceptive pill?
Then this prevents any eggs from maturing
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Give an advantage of taking a contraceptive pill
If it is highly effective if taken correctly
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Give an disadvantage of taking contracpetive pills
1) It must be taken every day, otherwise there is a risk of pregnancy 2) Increased risk of blood cancer or blood clots
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Give an example of one hormonal form of contraception?
Use an skin patch or an injection - these contain progesterone
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What does progesterone do?
Stops eggs from maturing or being released
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What are the disadvantages of hromonal forms of contraception?
1) None of these protect against sexually transmitted infections
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Name a another type of contraception method?
A barrier method
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What does a barrier method include?
A condom or a diaphragm - these prevent the sperm from reaching an egg
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Give an advantage of barrier methods?
They do not use hormones, meaning that they do not have side effects
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Give an disavantage of using condoms?
They can break or slip off
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What does an intrauterine device do?
Prevent an embryo from planting
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Give an advantage of a IUD?
It is highly effecitve and prevent pregnancy for up to ten years
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What are the disadvantages of using IUD?
1) They do not protect against sexually transmitted infections
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What are surgical forms of contraception called?
Sterilisation - which prevents the egg from reaching the uterus
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What is a key feature of nervous system?
That it is extremely fast
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What does the endocrine system do?
They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
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What are the differences between the endocrine system with the nervous system?
1) The nervous system uses electrical impulses which travel down neurones. whereas the endrocrine system uses hormones which are chemicals 2) Signalling in the nervous system is extremely fast, whereas the endocrine system produces a slower effect
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What is a key factor about pituitary gland?
They act on other glands
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What do hormones do?
They travel in the blood stream and tirgger effects in special target organs
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What happens during puberty?
Reproductive homones cause secondary sexual characterisitcs to develop
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In men, what do the testes do?
They produce the hormone testosterone
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What does testosterone do?
It stimulates the testes to produce sperm
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In woman, what do the ovaries do?
Produce the hormone oestrogen
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What is it called when an egg is released?
Ovulation
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How does the body prepare for ovulation?
1) The uterus lining becomes thick and spongy 2) The egg then makes its way down to the uterus
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What does Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?
It causes an egg to mature in the ovary
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What does Lueteinising hormone (LH) do?
It causes the eggs to be released (ovulation)
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What does the hormone Oestrogen and progesterone do?
They are involved in maintaining the uterus lining, incase the egg is fertilised and implants
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