Historians

Religion - Edward - Haigh

Somerset's dissolving of chantries; motivated more by financial motives than religious ones. Second book of CP 'broke decisively with the past'. 'As services became plainer...so churches attracted less affection'

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Religion - Edward - Macculloch

Northumberland's religious reform reflected the increasing influence of Edward. 'Already in the 1540s the old world was losing it's enchantment'

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Religion - Edward - Duffy

Northumberland's reforms introduced 'flood-tide of radicalism'

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Religion - Mary - Davies

'Marian catholicism... represented the flow of the current'

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Religion - Elizabeth - Lotherington

'A living symbol of the break with Rome'

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Religion - Elizabeth - Foxe (C16th) to Pollard (1950s)

Elizabeth deliberately set out to establish Church of England

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Religion - Elizabeth - Neale

'Puritan Choir' led to more protestant settlement than Elizabeth would have wanted

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Religion - Elizabeth - Jones

Settlement not opposed by puritans in commons but by Marian Catholic bishops in Lords

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Religion - Elizabeth - Elton

Excommunication 'unmistakable declaration of war'

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Religion - Elizabeth - Guy

E pursued a 'purposeful ambiguity' in settlement. Scale of plots exaggerated by Cecil to bring down MQS.

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Religion - Elizabeth - Haigh

Whitgift not that successful - still Catholics in North and Puritans in South. 'Within 2 generations the Catholics had dwindled to numerical insignificance''. English college at Douai; 'an instant educational success'

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Religion - Elizabeth - Bossy

Jesuit priests did much to ensure survival of Catholicism. Throckmorton Plot a 'fairly near thing'

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Religion - Elizabeth - Lake

Two-speed settlement

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Religion - Elizabeth - Williams

Elizabeth's 'Church and it's liturgy became the accustomed religion of the majority'

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Parliament - Lingard (C19th)

Parliament was subservient, even repressed under the Tudors

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Parliament - Neale and Pollard

'Puritan Choir' - Lead by Wentworth - Sustained opposition - Origins of Civil War

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Parliament/Religion - Winthrop

Elizabeth and ministers intended settlement to be firmly protestant

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Parliament - Elton and Graves

Too much has been read into the existence of the Puritan Choir

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Parliament - Sir Thomas Smith

'What can a commonwealth desire more than peace, liberty, quietness, little taking of base money, and very few parliaments'

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Parliament - Haigh

Elizabeth's tone towards Parliament was one of 'condescending superiority'... 'For Elizabeth, parliamentarians were little boys'

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Parliament - Graves

Wentworth 'was little more than a parliamentary nuisance'

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Parliament - Smith

'events rather than an institution'

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Parliament - Elizabeth I

'your bills can have no force without my assent'... 'a strange thing that the foot should direct the head in so weighty a cause'

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Parliament - Williams

1597-1598 Parliament had 'an impressive record of achievement' (Poor Law)

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Parliament - Guy

1601 Parliament was 'the most fractious of Elizabeth's reign'

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Government - Edward - Guy

1549 'the closest thing Tudor England came to a class war'

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Government - Edward - Duffy

Western Rebellion exhibited 'class antagonism'

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Government - Edward - MacCulloch

Emphasised a number of specific grievances leading to Kett's: hatred of local govt officials, resentment of the abuse of landowners of the Norfolk foldcourse system, and frustration about the maladministration locally of the Howards.

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Government - Somerset - Jordan

'a very great man'

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Government - Somerset - Loach

'failed in Scotland... mishandled his colleagues and the crisis of 1549...corrupt and greedy'

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Government - Northumberland - Weir

'arguably the most evil statesmen to govern England during the C16th'

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Government - Northumberland - Hoak

'one of the most remarkably able governers of any European state during the C16th'

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Government - Mary - Williams

For a country at war, financial record was 'at least adequate'

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Government - Mary - Duffy and Haigh

Reflected popular opinion

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Government/Relgiion - Elizabeth - Schama

MQS 'not just a headache but a magnet for conspiracy'

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Government - Elizabeth - Haigh

Northern Rebellion 'a botched attempt'

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Government - Elizabeth - Schama

Northern Rebellion 'the last great rebellion to trouble Tudor England'

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Government - Elizabeth - Smith

PC members replaced by 'mediocrities' in 1590s

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Government - Elizabeth - Williams

Essex's rebellion 'the visible tip of a larger range of discontent'

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Foreign Policy - Edward - Pollard

Treaty with Scotland 'the most ignominious treaty signed in the century'

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Foreign Policy - Mary - Tittler

'It is hard to think of a war with less gain and more loss of face'

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - Lotherington

'imbued with a healthy dose of realism'

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - France - Guy

'the years after 1563 were ones of cautious isolationism in foreign affairs'. Treaty of blois 'defensive league'. Policy w. France 'attempting to reconcile political and economic needs with religious differences'

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - France - Cecil

'The whole state of the world is marvellously changed when we true Englishmen have cause to wish success to a King of France'

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - Spain - Pollitt

Privateering fully supported by Elizabeth

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - Spain - Wilson

Seizure of 40,000 florins en route to Netherlands was 'an act of piracy'

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - Spain - Adams

'Both Elizabeth and Philip lost their nerve and the result was war'

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - Netherlands - Wilson

No plan, inconsistent policy, failure to fulfil promises of aid

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - Netherlands - Wernham

Successful and consistent policy, careful plan to reduce Spanish influence and also acted to reduce French influence by management of Anjou.

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Foreign Policy - Elizabeth - Netherlands - Maccaffrey

England lacked resources to support a consistent approach, but improvised to achieve ultimate success

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Foreign Policy/Government - Elizabeth - Ireland - Jefferies

Post battle of Yellow Ford, Irish rebels 'on verge of creating an independent, Catholic Ireland'

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