Health and Social

What are primary sexual characteristics?

Present at birth and develop during puberty

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What are secondary sexual characteristics?

develop during puberty

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Female primary sexual characteristics

The uterus enlarges and the vagine lengthens, the ovaries begin to release eggs, the menstrual cycle commences

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Male primary sexual characteristics

enlargement or penis and testes, spontaneous erections caused by blood flowing into the chambers in the penis may happen, the testicles begin to produce spermatozoa

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Female secondary sexual characteristics

Breasts develop and the areola swells and darkens, hair grows in armpits and pubic area, redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen

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Male secondary sexual characteristics

changes in larynx causing voice to deepen, hair grows in armpits and pubic area and facial hair, redistribution of muscle tissue and fat

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What is a hormone?

chemical substances produced in the body and transported in the blood stream that control or regulate body cells or body organs

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What are the hormones involved in sexual maturity?

Female= oestrogen and progesterone, Male- testosterone

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What are the roles of the hormones in sexual maturity?

Oestrogen and progesterone= the ovaries start to produce these hormones which are responsible for changes including ovulation and menstruation: Testosterone= the testes produce this hormone which stimulates sperm production.

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Key features in emotional development - ADOLESCENCE

IDENTITY- sense of self continues to develop. An adolescent needs to develop a secure self-concept.- in order to feel secure when working with other people or in order to make a loving sexual attachment

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Social benefits of friendships

- Help to cope with traumatic life events, - Help to maintain a healthy lifestyle ,- Help avoid loneliness

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Effects of peer pressure on social development

- encourages risky behaviour, -withdraw from the family and spend more time out

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The development of social relationships- ADOLESCENCE

Secondary social learning - a person's self worth may be more influenced by their peers than by the family. They copy dress styles, cultural beliefs, values and behaviour of their own network- Have to cope with development of their own sexuality

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