What are the two main routes of administering medication?
1). topical (applied to the surface of the skin) 2). Systemic action= Absorbed into the blood (circulation) and distributed to the site its aimed at
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What are the two administration methods of systemic action?
1). Enteral and 2). Parenteral
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Describe enteral action
Enteral: Drugs are absorbed along the GIT, they diffuse across the intestinal epithelium to enter capillaries, Include: Oral, sublingual, buccal and rectal
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Describe parenteral action
Parenteral: Drugs bypass the GIT. The desired conc. of the drug is reached more quickly. Includes: IM, IV, SC, IO and IP
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outline forms of oral medications
Tablets: protection from breaking down, aid transit; capsules: Contain powder/granules, outer case made of gelatine, should not be split; liquids: solution/ syrup/ emulsions
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Whats the different types of liquids that are medication
solutions: freely soluble drugs/ syrup: Drug dissolved in sugar solution; emulsions: mixture of 2 substances
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What is buccal administration of drugs
Inside the cheek between the top and bottom molars. Tablet, capsule or sprays
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What is sublingual administration of drugs?
Placed under the tongue and absorbed through the m/m
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What is rectal administration of drugs?
Drug is infected directly into the rectum of the animal. Anti-seizure effect in 5-15 mins
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Outline the administration of medication via IM
Intramuscular (IM): drug is injected directly into muscle tissue (hamstrings, triceps, gluteus/ lumbar)
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Outline the administration of medication via IV
Intravenous (IV): Drug is injected directly into the vein of the animal (circulatory system), aseptic technique (clipping, hibiscrub, sterilisation) includes: jugular, saphenous and cephalic
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Outline the administration of medication via SC
Subcutaneous (SC): Drug is injected under the skin
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Outline the administration of medication via IO
Intraosseous (IO): Drug is injected directly into the bone (bone marrow) of long bones (femur/ humerus)
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Outline the administration of medication via IP
Intraperitoneal (IP): drug is injected into the abdomen of the animal
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What is the major disadvantage with IP administration?
Ability to puncture abdominal organs
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what is an advantage of IO administration?
Provide fluids to smaller patients
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What is an advantage and disadvantage of IV administration?
+: quickest route of administration/ -: Catheters are painful and uncomfortable to insert
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What is an advantage of subcutaneous administration?
Good absorption rate
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What is an advantage and disadvantage of IM administration?
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