Breaking The Law = Green Crime! The Law or Transgressive?
The Law
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Anthropocentric Law
Humand first
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Situ and Emmons (Anthropocentric Law)
They define an environmental crime as "an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law" It investigates the patterns and causes of breaking the law.
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Transgressive - Eco-Centric
Environment First
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White (Transgressive - Eco-Centric)
He argues that green crime requires a univeral definition. More common in moder capitalist global economy - types are varied by more commonly committed but big companies and states
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South
States that there are two different types of green crime; primary and secondary
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What is a Primary Green Crime?
A crime that results directly from the destruction and degradation of the earth's resources.
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What are Four Examples of Primary Green Crimes?
Air pollution, deforestation, species decline and water pollution.
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What is a Secondary Green Crime?
Is a crime that grows out of the flouting of rules that seek to regulate environmental disasters.
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What is an Example of a Secondary Green Crime?
Individuals not wanting to pay large sums of money to get rid of chemical waste and so they pay less for the mafia to do it, but they put it into lakes, which damages the environment.
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Example of Green Crime (Bhopal)
There was a gas leek. 2,000 died straight away, followed by a further 8,000 later on. It was caused by a US company called Union Carbide.
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Wolf
He looks at who commits green crimes and who the vicitims are. He says that there are 4 types of people responsible.
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What Does BI GO Stand For (Wolf)?
BUSINESS, INDIVIDUALS, GOVERNMENT and ORGANISED CRIME
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What Percentage Of Green Crime Is Commited by Business' (Wolf) ?
73%
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How Do Individuals Commit Green Crime (Wolf)?
It is an accumalitive effect of individuals doing something wrong.
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How Does The Government Commit Green Crime (Wolf)?
By-products of war.
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How Does Organised Crime Result in Green Crime (Wolf)?
By-products of the drug industry.
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Why is the Risk of Green Crime Worse Today?
Many environmental issues are manufactured rather than natural. Global industrial technology and a focus on economic growth has produced a risk theory e.g. Chernobyl.
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Chernobyl
An accident in the nuclear industry which spread radioactive material over thousands of miles. There were even reports of glowing, radioactive sheep in Wales and Scotland. The radiation is still present in the air today!
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Breaking The Law = Green Crime! The Law or Transgressive?
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