Germany 1918-1922

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What were the problems affecting Germany in 1918-1922?
Treaty of Versailles - Other things (???) - Attempts to overthrow the government - 'Stab in the back' - The November Criminals
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On what condition would the Allies end the war?
If the Kaiser abdicated
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When and why did the Kaiser abdicate?
10th November 1918 - Sailors in Kiel refused to attack the British again
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When was the armistice signed to end WW1?
11th November 1918
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Who was in charge of Germany after the armistice was signed? (1918)
The Social Democrat government
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Who was the first president of the Social Democrat government? (1918)
Freidrich Ebert
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What were the politicians who signed the armistice in November later nicknamed?
The November Criminals
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When did the Spartacists try to take control of Germany?
5th January 1919
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What were the Spartacists a group of?
Communists
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Who were the leaders of the Spartacists?
Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
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Why did the Spartacists fail at taking over?
They were defeated by the Freikorps
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Where did President Ebert flee to after the Spartacists tried to take over and what did this do?
Weimar - Suggested to people that the new government was weak and terrified
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When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
28th June 1919
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Acronym for the effects of the Treaty of Versailles
LAMB
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Treaty of Versailles effects - L
Land- Lost 13% of land and 6 million people. Saar rich in iron and coal. Affected German industry
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Treaty of Versailles effects - A
Army- Army restricted to 100,000 men. Air Force banned. 6 battleships
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Treaty of Versailles effects - M
Money- £6.6 billion in reparations
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Treaty of Versailles effects - B
Blame- Germany forced to accept blame for starting the war
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When was the Weimar constitution signed?
11th August 1919
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What was the top position in the Weimar government and how did someone gain this position?
President - Directly elected by all people over 18 every seven years
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What position led the Reichstag?
Chancellor
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How was the chancellor selected?
Usually leader of the biggest party
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What was Article 48?
It gave the President the power to rule by decree in the case of emergency
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How was the number of seats a party had in the Reichstag decided?
Proportional representation of votes for the party
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Why did proportional representation not work?
Many small parties, none large enough to get a majority and so couldn't get laws passed. Coalitions had to be formed
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What happened in Germany in 1919 that killed more Germans than WW1?
Spanish flu
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How many people died due to food shortages caused by the British blockades of German ports?
420,000 people
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When was the Kapp Putsch?
13th March 1920
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Who led the putsch and what political views did they have?
Wolfgang Kapp - Nationalist who was angry at the signing of the Treaty of Versailles
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Who was involved in the Kapp Putsch and what did they achieve?
Freikorps and the Army who sided with Kapp - Took control of Berlin - General Luttwitz also involved but ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
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Why did the Kapp Putsch fail?
Ebert called for a general strike and the Putsch collapsed
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What did Ebert do after the Kapp Putsch and what effect did this have?
He fled again - People feared the government lacked courage
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When and what was the Red Rising in the Ruhr?
March 1920 - Communists tried to take control again as the strike called by Ebert continued.
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Why did the Red Rising in the Ruhr fail?
The army was called in and 50,000 troops destroyed the rising and killed over 1000 people
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When did Germany fail to pay reparations to France and Belgium between 1921 and 1923?
June and December 1922
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When did the French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr?
January 1923
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Why was the Ruhr significant to Germany?
It was the source of a lot of German wealth. 80% of iron and coal output
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What did the French and Belgian troops do in the Ruhr?
Beat up Germans. Took resources that covered the amount they should have been payed but weren't. Brought in workers to mine and work in factories. Set up machine guns to threaten and intimidate
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How did the Germans react to the French and Belgians invading?
Horrified and called a passive resistance as the army was too small to fight back
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How many protested and how did the French react?
100,000 protested. French killed 100
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What problem did Germany face regarding passive resistance?
They still had to pay the workers even though they weren't making any money
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What solution did they find to pay the workers in the Ruhr?
Printed money
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What was the effect of printing money?
Hyperinflation
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How did some people benefit from hyperinflation?
Farmers benefitted from rise in prices of food. Businessmen who had borrowed money had their debts wiped out. Rich were protected because they owned land
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How did hyperinflation negatively affect people?
People with fixed incomes or with saving struggled. The savings were wiped out and fixed incomes didn't rise. This led to starvation. People had to be paid twice a day and general chaos ensued.
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When did Stresemann become Chancellor?
13th August 1923
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What did Stresemann do when he became Chancellor?
Called off passive resistance and sent workers back to work. Production started again and workers could be paid.
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When was the Rentenmark issued?
16th November 1923
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

On what condition would the Allies end the war?

Back

If the Kaiser abdicated

Card 3

Front

When and why did the Kaiser abdicate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When was the armistice signed to end WW1?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who was in charge of Germany after the armistice was signed? (1918)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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