Geology AS OCR Sediment transport and erosion

Geology AS OCR Sediments and sedimentary environments - unit 2.3 sections 1 and 2 of OCR text book.

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What is carbonation?
The reaction between carbonic acid and minerals.
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Carbonation and hydrolysis are both examples of...
Chemical weathering
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Hydrolysis is...
The reaction between silicate minerals (e.g. Feldspar) and water, causing the minerals to decompose.
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Exfoliation, frost shattering and pressure release are all examples of...
Mechanical weathering
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What is exfoliation?
A process that occurs when sheets of rocks split off due to differential expansion and contraction of minerals during heating.
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Root action and burrowing are...
or biological weathering.
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What is frost shattering?
A process caused by the expansion of freezing water in fractures which forces the rock apart.
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What is root action?
A process which causes the mechanical and chemical weathering of rocks by roots wedging.
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Burrowing is...
Any animal causing rock and soil particles to be mixed and brought to the surface which increases depth in weathering by providing access to gas and water.
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What does wind do?
Lifts and transports finer grained sediment.
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What does gravity do?
Moves loose weathered sediment down slopes.
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What do rivers do?
Lifts and transports sediment of all sizes, including heavy and large grains.
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What does the sea do?
Moves sediment of all sizes.
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What does ice do?
Can carry large amounts of rock debris depending on climatic conditions.
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What is abrasion?
1 The wearing away by the action of wind, water or ice dragging sediment over or hitting it at a surface.
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What is suspension?
5 The transport of material in water or air, without it touching the land surface.
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What is attrition?
2 The wearing down of sedimentary grains due to collisions with other grains during transport.
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What is saltation?
4 The transport of material by bouncing.
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What is traction?
5 The transport of material by rolling and sliding along a surface.
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Grains get rounder the longer they have been transported. True or false?
True
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What do you usually measure grain size against?
The phi/Wentworth-Udden scale.
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Blades, discs, rods and spheres are all examples of...
...the usual method of describing grain shape.
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The scale for measuring grain size is exponential. True or false?
False
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What is a realistic diameter in mm for clay?
0.039 mm
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What is a realistic diameter in mm for coarse sand?
0.5 mm
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Sphericity is how rounded the rock in question is. True or false?
True
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For fine sand, a realistic grain diameter would be
0.25 mm
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Carbonation and hydrolysis are both examples of...

Back

Chemical weathering

Card 3

Front

Hydrolysis is...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Exfoliation, frost shattering and pressure release are all examples of...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is exfoliation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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