Geography- Tourism

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What are the three main Holiday destinations?
City, mountains and coast
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What is tourism?
It is an activity where a person travels away from home and stays there for more than one night for many reasons.
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Tourism is a global Industry. In which 2 ways is it growing?
The amount of revenue and the amount of people that travel e.g. visit cities.
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In 1960 how many tourists were there worldwide?
70 million.
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In 2009 how many tourists were there worldwide?
940 million.
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In 2020 how many tourists are there predicted to be worldwide?
1600 million. 1.6 Billion.
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Which continent was the most visited by tourists. Millions and percent of tourists
Europe-+54.4% and 480.1 million
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Which continent was the least visited by tourists. Millions and percent of tourists.
Africa- +4.8% and 44.2 million
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Which continent had the biggest percentage increase in tourists.
Middle East. +13.4%
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Why is Europe the most visited continent?
As it has fully developed its tourist options It has a lot of history and a wide variety of city, Mountain and Coastal holiday options..
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Why is Africa the least visited continent?
Not a lot of landmarks, Not a big variety of tourist options. Most countries are L.E.D.Cs so people are less inclined to travel there.
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Give examples of city break destinations.
New York, London and Paris
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Give examples of mountain holiday destinations.
Alps, Rockies and the Andes.
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Give some examples of coast holiday destinations.
San Francisco, Sharm el Sheik in Egypt and South France- Monaco.
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Give some reasons while the number of tourists worldwide is growing.
Travel is faster and cheaper, more disposable incomem, decline in British coast holidays, Two working parents, more holiday options and advertisment is easier and more people see adverts because of TV, internet etc.
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Which Country has the highest Annual tourist Income?
U.S.A- 110.1$ Billion
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What Country has the highest Annual tourist visiters?
France- 78.5 million people
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What is mass tourism?
It is the organised tourism for large numbers of people.
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What are some advanatges of mass tourism?
Money brought into area which can pay for local infrastructure, services and new facilities which benefit local people. Also the jobs are less physically demanding and developing tourism develops skills.
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What are some disadvantages of mass tourism?
New buildings require land and destroy the environmetn- farmers lose land, Jobs are low paid and seasonal, criminal activity may increase, culture can clash and tourists demand familiar food which drives food prices up and decreases food production.
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What is the case study for mass tourism you are doing?
Kenya.
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What are some mass tourism attractions in kenya?
Masai Mara safari, Lamu- Old towns, Mount Kenya- 5200M, Lake Jurkana, Amboseli national park and Lewa wildlife sanctuary.
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Name some negative impacts of mass tourism in kenya and whether each one is environmental (en), economic(ec) or social (soc)
Only 15% of the money earns goes to the local people, the rest goes to large companies in M.E.D.Cs (ec), Wild animals change their hunting patterns (en), some maasai tribes were forced of their land (soc).
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Name some positive impacts of mass tourism in kenya and whether it is environmental (en), economic (ec) or social (soc).
The culture of maasai tribes is preserved for tourists (Soc), Tourism contributes to 15% of Kenya's national gross product (Ec) and there are 23 national parks in kenya which tourist money has helped to maintain (en + Ec)
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Why did Blackpool decline as a tourist destination?
Unpredictable weather, overcrowding and traffic jams on bank holidays, beach erosion during winter storms, beach and sea water pollution, cheap package holidays in the Mediterranean and families are frightened off by the drinking culture of parites.
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How has blackpool tried to halt the decline in tourism?
Room prices have fallen to £10 a night, Improved road access- m55 built, beaches cleaned and improved, Water world opened, Merlin built attractions, diversification (wide range of activites) and attracting visitors all year round- winter houses.
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Why did blackpool grow as a tourist destination?
Railways mean people from big cities makes it more accessable, lots of big beaches, Unspoilt environment to begin with, Workers having more holidays and disposable income, available to all classes and different to neighboring cities like Manchester.
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What attractions did Blackpool develop to attract tourists?
Blackpool tower, 3 piers- north, south and central, Beaches and sea works, pleasure beach, good transport links and big hotels/B&Bs can house lots of tourists.
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Name the stages of the Butler model in order.
1.Exploration 2.Involvement 3.Development 4.Consolidation 5.Stagnation 6. Rejuvination or decline.
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What si the exploration stage in the butlers model and how does it link to Blackpool?`
Small numbers of visitors go to the area- local people haven't developed services. Blackpool is a small fishing village. In, 1846 the railways came to blackpool which gave visitors the opportunity for cheap travel from big cities
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What is the involvement stage in the bulters model and how does it relate to Blackpool?
The local population see opportunties and provide services. B&Bs and hotels are opened and the local council has built three piers and fairground rides.
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What is the development stage in the bulters model and how does it link to Blackpool?
Large companies build hotels and leisure complexes- numbers if visitors rise dramatically. Local councill builds Winter gardens and Blackpool tower which attracts lots of people.
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What is the Consolidation part of the bulters model and how does is relate to Blackpool?
Tourism is an important part of the local economy. Number of visitors are steady, rowdiness is a problem. 1950s- 17 million visit blackpool, tourism is an important part of the local economy and provides jobs for local people.
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What is the stagnation part of the bulter model and how does it link to Blackpool?
The resort becomes unfashionable. Numbers of visitors decrease, some hotels close.- The number of visitors has reached its peak, tourist start to visit destinations around the world.
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What is the decline part of the bulters model and how does it relate to Blackpool?
Numbers decrease further as visitors prefer other resorts. Blackpool becomes known for its stag and hen parties and gets a bad reputation.
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What is the rejuvination part of the bulters model and how does it link to Blackpool?
The resort attempts to modernise and attract more visitors. Blackpool improves road and train links and improves the seafront and the pleasure beach.
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How many people visited the U.K in 2008?
32 Million
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What are some factors affecting the number of people visiting the U.K?
Transport (Eurostar, Airports), Big events(London 2012), Terrorsim (7/7 bombings), World economy, Weather and value of pound.
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In 2008 how many people visited national parks in the U.K?
8.3 Million.
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What are some attractions national parks possess?
Camping, caving, Bird Watching, fishing, boat rides, sight seeing, rock climbing, cycling/mountain biking and fishing.
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Name some of the national parks in the U.K.
Yorkshire dales, Lake district, Peak district, Caringorms and Snowdonia
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Where is the Lake district located?
Cumbria- North-West England.
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What are some honey-pot sites in the lake district?
Ambleside, Kendal, Keswick and Grasmere.
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What is their in Ambleside?
Home of famous poet Sir William Wordsworth and is outdoor capital of lakes- so lots of water activities.
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What is the biggest lake in the lake district?
Lake Windermere.
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What is the impact of tourism on Honeypot sites in the Lake district?
Overcrowding, Not enough local cafes, lots of litter and serious footpath erosion.
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What are some management strategies to help reduce the impacts of touism on honeypot sites in the Lake District.
Reparing 145 paths and planting native plants with the cost being £1000 for badly eroded steps, more bins and development of more shops for visitors by the locals
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How many people travel the lake district by car?
89%
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What are some negative impacts of Traffic in the lake district?
Cars emitt dangerous fumes such as Co2 which contribute to global warming, long queues are a real problem and narrow winding roads are a problem for coaches.
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What are some management strategies to deal with Traffic in the lake district?
Dual carriageways have been built on the edges, heavy/big lorries are not allowed on the roads, transport hubs for more efficient interchange and distributor roads linking small towns and park and rides.
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What do pressure on properties cause in the lake district?
It causes the prices of houses to rise which in turn forces locals out of their village/town.
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What are some management strategies to deal with pressure on properties in the lake district?
Local authorities are building low cost houses and houses for rent. There are also time-share houses.
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What are some environmental issues with tourism in the lake district?
Boats can erode the shore, fuel spills can harm the environment, people can scare animals which affects the eco-system, erosion on foot paths.
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What are some management strategies to deal with environmental issues caused by tourism in the lake district?
Speed limits on lakes- 18kmph on lake windermere, water sports confined to a single part of the lake and regeneration of foot paths.
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What is the target market for extreme tourism in Antarctica?
Around 30 years old, unmarried, no kids, well paid job with lost of holidays.
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In 2010-2011 how many tourists visited Antarctica?
33,824
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What are some activites available to do Antartica (give figures)
Scubu diving- 7,159 , Ice landing- 1,024 and Station visiting- 29,208
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What is IAATO?
It stands for: International association of Antartica tourism operators. This drives tourism to be safe and environmentally friendly,
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What is SSSIs?
These are sites of special scienctific interest that visitors are not allows to vsit in order to protect wildlife. One example of this is Bird island.
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What are some imapcts of tourism in Antarctica?
Large number of tourists startle penguins so they leave their eggs which then die and the number of penguins decreases- impact on eco system, shoreline erosion
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What are some measures to protect Antarctica?
Tourists are not allowed to visit SSSIs, No ship with 500+ passengers can land on shore, waste materials must be discharged before reaching the surronding areas.
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What is the social element of sustainable tourism (eco tourism)?
Making sure that local people are not expoilted.
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What is the economic element of eco(sustainable) tourism?
Ensuring the local economy benefits from tourism.
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What is the environmental element of sustainable tourism? (eco tourism)
Making sure that there is minimal disturbance to the animals and habitat and wildlife is preserved.
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What is stewardship? (Do not use the R.E definition!)
It is active management of resources for the future generations as there is limited use of finite resources so there is some left for the future and it is conserving the enviroment
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What does indigenous mean?
Naturally existing in a place or country
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What are some social benefits of eco tourism in kenya?
Masai tribe culture is preserved, Tourists can widen their understanding of other cultures, Profit can be used for services such as schools, healthcare, water etc (economic aswell)
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What are some economical benefits of eco tourism in kenya?
Money earned can be used to improve the local area, Masai Tribe are well off so they do not have to huntthe local animals (environmental aswell) and GDP per capita rises locally so standard of living rises.
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In Base camp (kenya) what management strategies are in place to protect the local environment and its people?
Only 18 people can go to base camp at one time, Sturctures in camp can be moved and leave no scar- built from reclaimed materials, everything in camp is locally and sustainably sourced, doesn't use unnecessary resources, profits go to local communtiy
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How much of base camps' food comes from their own farm and what does it mean?
70%, rest locally sourced- reduces food miles.
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Card 2

Front

What is tourism?

Back

It is an activity where a person travels away from home and stays there for more than one night for many reasons.

Card 3

Front

Tourism is a global Industry. In which 2 ways is it growing?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

In 1960 how many tourists were there worldwide?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In 2009 how many tourists were there worldwide?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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