Geography Paper 1 Section A: Natural Hazards/ Tectonic Hazards

?
  • Created by: Davina1st
  • Created on: 23-03-19 19:25
When does a natural event become a hazard?
When it affects people, e.g. they die
1 of 42
Give an example of a geophysical hazard
Geophysical: events that occur on the earths surface...avalanche and mud flow
2 of 42
Give an example of a tectonic hazard
Tectonic: events that occur under the earths surface... volcanoes and tsunami
3 of 42
Give an example of an atmospheric hazard
Atmospheric: events that occur in the atmosphere... hurricanes and drought
4 of 42
Give an example of a biological hazard
Biological: events that involve living organisms.. forest fires
5 of 42
How does climate change affect hazard risk?
There will be more hazards as, in a warmer world the atmosphere will have more energy leading to more intense storms and hurricanes. Some parts of the world become wetter so more floods, and some parts become drier so more droughts
6 of 42
Why do people live in earthquake zones? (frequency)
People don't believe that earthquakes happen very often, so people don't believe it will happen in their lifetime, so they stay in the earthquake zone.
7 of 42
Why do people live in earthquake zones? (family)
Their family has lived there for generations and the elderly may need looking after, so they feel inclined to stay and look after them.
8 of 42
Why do people live in earthquake zones? (work)
Skills gained in the earthquake zone may not be transferable, so they stay to earn a living
9 of 42
Why do people live in earthquake zones? (coast)
Earthquake zones are close to the coast which means tourism and fish. both mean money, so people stay to earn money and make a living.
10 of 42
Why do people live in earthquake zones? (preparation/protection)
People think they are prepared/ protected from the earthquake so they stay as they feel they are safe from the danger.
11 of 42
Why do people live near volcanoes?
Natural hot water supply. Mining which means gold which means money (gold from volcanic rock). tourism which means money. no where else to live as you are poor. fascination and fertile soil.
12 of 42
Describe the structure of the earth? (outside to inside)
Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core and inner core.
13 of 42
Describe the crust
As thin as a piece of paper if the earth was a basketball.
14 of 42
What is the upper and lower mantle made out of?
Upper= hard rock... lower= magma
15 of 42
What is the inner and outer core made out of?
Inner= solid iron and nickel...outer= liquid iron and nickel
16 of 42
How/ why do tectonic plates move?
Because of convection currents
17 of 42
Who suggested the theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener 1912
18 of 42
What is pangea?
A super continent/ big land mass
19 of 42
When did pangea break into two continents? Name them
135 million years ago, Laurasia and Gondwana
20 of 42
What pieces of evidence support the theory that continents used to be very close/ joined together?
Similar rocks, fossils, climate and patterns or shapes of continents
21 of 42
Name the reptile whose remains have been found in South Africa and Brazil
Mesosaurus
22 of 42
Why do scientists think that Antarctica and the UK used to have warm/ wet climates?
Coal is formed in wet and warm climates, coal has been found under the ice cap.
23 of 42
What is the earths surface made up of?
Large plates
24 of 42
What happens on the edge of plates, plate boundaries?
Earthquakes occur and volcanoes form
25 of 42
Where are convection currents found?
Mantle
26 of 42
What makes convection currents move?
Radioactive decay
27 of 42
Name the three types of plate margins
Constructive, destructive and conservative.
28 of 42
Example of each plate
Constructive: North america and Eurasian plate... Conservative : North america plate and pacific plate... Destructive: South american and Nazca plate
29 of 42
What happens at a constructive plate margin?
convection currents move the plates apart, the movement of plates causes an earthquake, a volcano forms because the magma from the mantle rises up through the gap between plates. New crust is constructed.
30 of 42
What happens at a conservative plate margin?
Convection currents slide the plates past each other, pressure build up between the two plates because of friction until one plate jerks past the other, this jerk causes an earthquake.
31 of 42
What happens at a destructive plate margin?
Convection currents push the plates together, the oceanic plate subducts as it is denser, earthquake occurs. The oceanic plate melts to form magma, ocean trench formed. Magma rises through cracks. Continental crust stays at surface. Sediment= mounts
32 of 42
What are primary and secondary effects?
Primary: caused by the ground shaking... Secondary: these occur later and indirectly as a result of the ground shaking.
33 of 42
Give an example of a way to plan for an earthquake?
Emergency kit bag
34 of 42
What would be inside your emergency kit bag? In the case of a earthquake
Tinned food= enough food, lasts long, can survive longer. Bottled water= enough water to survive on. Radio=can listen out for updates, can hear from family to see if they are alive, your TV may have been damaged, you may need spare batteries.
35 of 42
How do you prepare your home for an earthquake?
Move bed away from window, so you don't get showered in glass and get injured. heavy things on lower shelves, so large things don't fall on you and injure you if their is shaking.
36 of 42
How can you protect a builidng?
K-bracing: keeps the roof held on, strong triangle shape, stops building from falling apart. Counter weights: weights go the opposite way of the shaking, keeps skyscrapers balanced, force on both sides. Base isolation:energy in base house stays still
37 of 42
How to monitor for a volcanic eruption?
more sulphur dioxide=eruption, magma moving measured on seismometer, magma can make the sides bulge out, measure by tilt meter. magma closer to surface can be seen on thermal cameras.
38 of 42
Case study of monitoring and prediction of volcanic eruptions.
Montserrat
39 of 42
What did scientists notice in Montserrat?
Bulging sides of the volcano, measured by a tiltmeter.
40 of 42
Explain how they protected people from volcanic eruption in Montserrat
Evacuated: 7000 out of 11000 people were evacuated. 19 people killed as they chose to stay and look after their crops.
41 of 42
How to plan for a volcano?
Educate people - follow orders, close all windows and doors, seek shelter, avoid low lying areas, long sleeves, wear goggles, dust mask and stay out of dangerous areas.
42 of 42

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give an example of a geophysical hazard

Back

Geophysical: events that occur on the earths surface...avalanche and mud flow

Card 3

Front

Give an example of a tectonic hazard

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give an example of an atmospheric hazard

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give an example of a biological hazard

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Geography resources:

See all Geography resources »See all Natural hazards resources »