Geography mock unit 1

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  • Created by: Alice4321
  • Created on: 15-01-17 12:40
Describe the two types of plates
Continental - thick but light. Oceanic - thinner but heavy. Older
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Name the four types of plate margins and say how they move
Constructive - move away. destructive - move together. conservative - past each other. collision - into each other
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Describe some of the features of a composite volcano
steep sides at destructive plate margins. made up of alternative layer of ash and lava. Eruptions are violent but rare. Lava thick and gloopy so it doesn't travel far.Made of acid lava
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Describe features of shield volcano
Made of basic lava. Found at constructive plate margins. They have a wide base with gently sloping sides. The lava is runny and travels a long way. Not violent eruptions but they are frequent.
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Define hot spot volcanoes
Volcanoes that move from an explosive volcano to an extinct volcano.
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Define dormant volcano
Volcano that could stil erupt but hasn't in a long time.
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What is the difference between a volcano and a supervolanoe
Supervolcanoes have a caldera. Supervolanoes are a lot larger and the explosions would have global effects.
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What is an earthquake
vibrations that are caused by earth movements at plate tectonics. These can happen at all of the four plate boundries.
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What is the focus of an earthquake
Where the earthquake happened
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What is the epicentre of an earthquake
directly above the Focus. It is a point on earth
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Name and describe the two ways earthquakes can be measured
Richter scale - measures magnitude. uses seismograph. Mercalli scale - measures damage done by earthquake,
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What is a drainage basin
area of land that is drained by a river.
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Describe the four types of erosion
hydraulic action-water gets into crcks and mke them bigger when they freeze. Abrasion - rocks scrape on river channel. Attrition - rocks smash into each other. Solution - rocks dissolve in water
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Describe four types of transportation
Traction - large particles roll along river bed. Saltation - bounce along river bed. Suspension - Small rocks carried in water. Solution - dissolve in water and carried along.
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What is deposition
Dropping off of material
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Where is the fastest flowing water in a meander
Faster flowing water is found on the outside of the bend.
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Why is the water of a meander faster on the outside of the bend
the water is deeper so there is less friction from the river bed.
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Where is eroded material deposited in a meander
inside of the bend. This could cause slip-of slopes
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How is an ox-bow lake formed from a meander
during a flood river breas though the land and river flows along the shortest course. Eventually deposition cuts of the lake.
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Describe how a waterfall is formed
area of hard rock and soft rock. Soft rock is eroded quicker. When it drops creates a step down. Steep drop eventually created. Overhang of hard rock eventually collapses. Plunge pool created by hard rock abrading soft rock in water.
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From a waterfall how is a gorge created
Waterfall continues to erode and retreat futher back. Leaves a steep sided gorge.
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What is a flood plain
Wide valley floor on either side of river. ocasionally gets flooded. On flood plain when river floods water slows down and deposits eroded material. this makes flood plain higher.
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Wht are levees
Natural embankments or man made along edges of river channel. eroded material deposited on flood plain. Deposited material builds up creating levees.
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What is river discharge
Volume of water flowing in river
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Name some of the factors affecting river discharge
Amount and type of rainfall, temperature, weather conditions, land use, rock type, soil type, relief
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Order of erosion that creates a stump
Headland with cracks in it goes to a cave. The cave goes the an arch. Arch created a stack. The stac collapses and creates a stump.
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Describe headlands and bays
Headlands are made of resistant rocks and they don't erode quickly. Bays are made of less resistant rock and erode quicker.
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Describe how wave cut platforms are created.
Water erodes foot of a cliff. this forms a wave cut notch. Rock above notch becomes unstable and collapses. Collapsed rock washed away and new wave cut notch forms. Repeated collapsing results in cliff retreat.Wave cut platform is what is left behind
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Describe destructive waves
high and steep. backwash is strong and wash if weak. Material is removed from coast
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Describe long shore drift
Swash carries material up the beach in same direction as waves. Backwash carried material down the beach at right angles. Materal zigzags along coast
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Describe constructive waves
low and long. swash is powerful while backwash is weaker.
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How are spits formed
Form at sharp bends in coastline. Longshore drift transports past the bend and deposits in the sea. Sheltered area behind spit is protected from waves. in this area material builds up and over time plants grow there.
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Name 3 hard engineering stratergies for coasts
Sea wall. Groynes. Rock armour.
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Name soft engineering stratergies for coasts.
Do nothin, beach replenishments, managed retreat
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name the four types of plate margins and say how they move

Back

Constructive - move away. destructive - move together. conservative - past each other. collision - into each other

Card 3

Front

Describe some of the features of a composite volcano

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe features of shield volcano

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define hot spot volcanoes

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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