Genetic code and translation

?
  • Created by: odionj01
  • Created on: 24-02-19 18:21
What is the genetic code?
The nucleotide sequence on DNA and subsequently on mRNA by translation into amino acids.
1 of 23
What are the characteristics of the genetic code?
Specific, Universal and degenerate
2 of 23
Explain the concept of specificity in the genetic code?
The specific codon always codes for the same amino acid.
3 of 23
Explain the concept of universal in the genetic code?
The genetic code is the same in all living organisms.
4 of 23
Explain the concept of degeneracy in the genetic code?
One amino acid may be coded for by more than one codon.
5 of 23
What is a start codon and state what the start codon is?
The first codon of mRNA translated by a ribosome. This is AUG.
6 of 23
How many stop codons are they?
3
7 of 23
What is a stop codon? What are they?
Sequences of DNA/RNA that are needed to stop translation. They are UAA, UAG and UGA.
8 of 23
When using a codon wheel what part do you start from?
Middle of the 5' end
9 of 23
What does tRNA do?
Decodes mRNA sequence in to a protein. They function at specific sites of the ribosome.
10 of 23
What does the small ribosomal subunit do?
Reads DNA
11 of 23
What does the large ribosomal subunit do?
Joins the amino acids together
12 of 23
What makes bacterial ribosomes a target of antibiotics?
The difference in size between bacterial and animal ribosome units.
13 of 23
What are the classes of antibiotics affecting ribosomes ?
small subunit aminoglycosides, ribosomal RNA and subunit interactions oxazinone
14 of 23
What occurs in the initiation stage of translation?
the cell recognises the start codon, this leads to the binding of the 1st tRNA. This tRNA binds to the A site.
15 of 23
What occurs in the elongation stage of translation?
tRNA moves from A->P. The A site becomes free. The peptide chain grows as amino acids join. The complex moves down a position and is released at the E site.
16 of 23
What occurs in the termination stage of translation?
1. The stop codon is recognised by release factors. 2. Once the release factor enters the A site, the polypeptide gets released and the ribosome disassembles. 3. The cell is then ready for the next round of translation.
17 of 23
What is proteolysis?
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.
18 of 23
What organelle is responsible for post-translational modification ?
The Golgi apparatus
19 of 23
What happens during protein folding?
Polypeptides fold into a specific, stable and functional 3D structure. This creates the secondary and tertiary structure.
20 of 23
Why are unfolded proteins unfavourable?
The have a high energy and high entropy state. this makes them unstable.
21 of 23
What are molecular chaperones?
Proteins that help the correct folding in vivo. They play a key role in quality control.
22 of 23
Name some diseases that occur from misfolded proteins?
Kuru disease, Creutzfeldt- Jakub disease, Scapie disease and Mad cow disease
23 of 23

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the characteristics of the genetic code?

Back

Specific, Universal and degenerate

Card 3

Front

Explain the concept of specificity in the genetic code?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain the concept of universal in the genetic code?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain the concept of degeneracy in the genetic code?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Pharmacy resources:

See all Pharmacy resources »See all PM1A-Autumn Term resources »