The extent to which the patient's actions or behaviour matches the agreed recommendation from the prescriber
The extent to which the patient's behaviour matches the prescriber's recommendations
The patient takes their medication of time
A relationship between the patient and the prescriber, and the degree to which they agree about treamtment
7. What happens if you take theophylline (asthma and COPD medication) and ciprofloxacin together?
Increase in theophylline to toxic doses = headaches, dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, hallucinations and seizures
Nothing
Increase in ciprofloxacin to toxic doses = headaches, dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, hallucinations and seizures
Decrease in theophylline causing many side effects = headaches, dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, hallucinations and seizures
8. What is the yellow card system used for?
To flag up a patient who isn't concordant with their medication
To flag up possible ADRs that have occurred, in order to identify them early
To flag up a member of staff who has foul-played
To flag up a drug interaction that is either known or unknown
9. When neurones adapt to repeated drug exposure and only function normally in the presence of the drug (withdrawal precipitates unwanted effects)
Physical dependence
Tolerance
Psychological dependence
10. A patient arrives at A&E and you suspect they have taken an illicit substance - which? They are mildly confused/agitated and have had some hallucinations. They have a dry mouth.
Hallucinogen e.g. cannabinoid
Hallucinogen e.g. ketamine (arylcyclohexamine)
Depressant e.g. opiod
Stimulant e.g. cocaine
11. Which of the following does not increase the effect of carbamazepine & warrant the need to monitor carbemazepine levels
Doxycyxline
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Fluconazole
12. Phase 1 clinical trials are used to
Establish therapeutic value after preclinical development
Explore common adverse effects of the drug
Confirm pharmacology established in preclinical development
Determine safety and toxicity of the drug
13. Which of the following is not a CYP450 enzyme inhibitor?
Ciprofloxacin
Barbiturates
Sulfonamides
Erythromycin
Sodium valproate
14. Which of the following is not a mechanism of drug licencing in the EU?
Centralised procedures via EMA, advised by CHMP (compulsory for drugs to treat HIV, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease, viral and rare diseases)
Mutual recognition of drug licenced in the USA - once approved in USA, a company can obtain EU wide approval
Mutual recognition - once approved in one European country, a company can obtain EU-wide approval
National procedures via regulatory authorities e.g. MHRA
15. The development of breast cancer after prolonged HRT use is an example of what type of adverse drug reaction?
B
E
A
D
C
16. A medication error is...
Any preventable event which may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm, while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional
Any response to a drug which is noxious, unintended and occurs at doses used for prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy
Any preventable event which may cause or lead to patient harm, while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional
An error in prescribing a drug, which leads to harm in a patient
17. When CYP450 enzymes are induced, what happens?
Reduced rate of metabolism of drug in existing CYP450 enzymes
Increased number, thus accelerating metabolism of drug
Increased rate of metabolism of drug in existing CYP450 enzymes
Increased size, and thus accelerating metabolism of drug
18. Which is not legally required on a prescription?
Date
Signature and address of the prescriber
Duration of the prescription
Time of prescription
Name and address of the patient
Dose and frequency of dosing
19. What is the role of the Human Medicines Regulation (2012)?
Commissions medications based on their costs analysis
Categorises medicinal substances into prescription only, pharmacy and general sales lists
Regulates the use of medicines by primary and secondary care
20. Which of the following drugs does not require therapeutic drug monitoring?
