Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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WHAT IS ACTIVE TRANSPORT?
Active transport allows for substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient (from a lower to higher concentration)
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WHAT DO ARTERIES DO AND HOW ARE THEY SPECIALISED?
Arteries carry blood from the heart under a great pressure. They have thick walls and are elastic
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WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE 4 CHAMBERS FOUND IN THE HEART?
Left and right ventricle and left and right atrium
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WHERE DOES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD LEAVE THE HEART TO GO TO THE LUNGS?
The pulmonary artery
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NAME ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL HEARTS
They extend life of the patient and are less likely to be rejected by the body. However, they can be uncomfortable, surgery can lead to bleeding/infections and blood clots and strokes can occur.
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WHAT ARE PLATELETS AND WHAT DO THEY DO?
They are small fragments of cells (no nucleus) that help form blood clots at the site of wounds to prevent blood loss and infection
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WHAT WASTES ARE RELEASED BY THE BODY AND HOW ARE THEY REMOVED?
They are removed by excretion. CO2 is breathed out through the lungs as build up will lower pH damaging cells. Urea is produced in liver by breakdown of excess amino acids from proteins. Removed by kidneys and stored in bladder till urination
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WHY IS KIDNEY DIALYSIS USED AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
It is used to remove waste products from blood if someone's kidney's don't function properly. Once attached to the machine the patients blood is taken in by the machine and waste products diffuse across the membrane out of the blood.
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HOW DOES OUR BODY COOL DOWN WHEN WE OVERHEAT?
Hairs lie flat (reduce layer of air/insulation) sweat glands release sweat ehich evaporates from the body with heat. Vasodilation occurs (blood vessels on surface of skin expand/dilate causing more blood to flow near surface & heats lost by radiation
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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO CONTROL THE BODY'S TEMPERATURE?
The body works best at 37 degrees. Over 40 degrees is dangerous because enzymes can become denatured and under 35 degrees is dangerous because it slows enzyme reactions
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WHAT IS THE THERMOREGULATORY CENTRE?
It is an area of the brain that monitors the temperature of blood flowing in the brain and will trigger responses if its too high or low. Nerves in the skin also detect temperature and send signals to brain
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HOW IS BLOOD SUGAR CONTROLLED IN THE BODY?
The pancreas detects excess blood glucose and it releases insulin. This causes the liver to take in glucose and store it as glycogen. If blood glucose levels fallglucose is released by liver due to the pancrease releasing glucagon.
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NAME TWO WAYS FISH STOCKS CAN BE MAINTAINED
Fishing quotas – limits to the number and size of fish caught Net size – reduces unwanted and discarded fish catches
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HOW CAN MICROBES BE USED TO MAKE FOOD?
Fungus is added to a large fermenter. Glucose is added as food. Paddles stir the mixture so doesn't settle at the bottom and the pH & temperature are controlled to maintain optimum growth for fungus and the protein produced is extracted and processed
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DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SOMEONE INHALES
Intercostal muscles contract lifting the ribcage up and out and expanding the throax. Diaphragm contracts (flattens) and volume increases whilst pressure decreases. Air rushes to lungs due to low pressure.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
WHAT IS ACTIVE TRANSPORT?
Back
Active transport allows for substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient (from a lower to higher concentration)
Card 3
Front
WHAT DO ARTERIES DO AND HOW ARE THEY SPECIALISED?
Back
Card 4
Front
WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE 4 CHAMBERS FOUND IN THE HEART?
Back
Card 5
Front
WHERE DOES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD LEAVE THE HEART TO GO TO THE LUNGS?
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