Transport in Cells

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Define the term 'diffusion' .
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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Suggest an everyday example of diffusion of gases.
Smelling someone’s deodorant or perfume
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In which direction does oxygen diffuse in the lungs?
From the lungs into the blood
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In which direction does carbon dioxide diffuse in the lungs?
From the blood into the lungs
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Name the blood vessels from which oxygen diffuses into cells.
Capillaries
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Give the scientific name for breathing.
Ventilation
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Name the process by which oxygen moves into the blood from the lungs.
Diffusion
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Define the term 'villi' .
Tiny finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine.
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Define the term 'excretion' .
The removal of substances from cells or organisms
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Define the term 'emphysema' .
A medical condition in which damage to alveoli causes breathlessness
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Define the term 'osmosis' .
The net diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration across a partially permeable membrane
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Describe where and how osmosis occurs in a plant.
When it rains and there is a higher concentration of water in the soil, water will move by osmosis into the plant cell.
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Name the tiny holes in leaves.
Stomata
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Define the term 'active transport' .
The net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration using energy
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Describe how you could use a can of deodorant to model diffusion.
Spraying a deodorant causes an area of high concentration. Only here can you smell it. After a while the particles spread out by diffusion. The deodorant smell spreads out because of this.
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Is moving up a concentration gradient going from high to lower or from low to higher concentration?
From low to high
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Give an example of diffusion in a liquid.
Tea spreading out from a teabag, or juice being diluted with water
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Describe two ways in which your lungs are adapted for gas exchange.
They have a large surface area, moist thin membranes, a rich blood supply and breathing provides them with a regular supply of fresh air.
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Describe two ways in which your small intestine is adapted for absorption of glucose.
It has a huge surface area, moist thin membranes, which allow substances to diffuse faster across them, and a rich blood supply.
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Name the medical condition in which the surface area of the lungs is reduced.
Emphysema
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Define the term 'partially permeable membrane' .
A membrane in which only small molecules can pass though
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Explain why mineral ions moving into a plant root is not an example of osmosis.
Because osmosis only involves water
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Explain why water moving through the soil is not an example of osmosis.
Water must cross a partially permeable membrane in osmosis.
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Describe the process of transpiration.
The movement of water from the soil through a plant’s roots, stems and leaves and then evaporation through the stomata
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Describe what would happen to the size of a red blood cell if it were placed into a solution with the same concentration of solutes.
It would remain the same size.
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Describe what would happen to the size of a red blood cell if it were placed into a solution with a higher concentration of solutes.
It would swell up, because water would move into it.
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Describe what would happen to the size of a red blood cell if it were placed into a solution with a lower concentration of solutes.
It would shrink, because water would move out of it.
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Describe where active transport occurs in plants.
Plant mineral ions exist in low concentration in the soil and in high concentration in the plant. Because the plants need to move the mineral ions from low to high concentrations, against the concentration gradient, they need to use energy.
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Describe where active transport occurs in humans.
Sugars can be in a low concentration in your digestive system and in high concentration in your blood. Therefore, because you need to move the glucose from low to high concentration, against the concentration gradient, you need to use energy.
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Explain why we say 'net movement' in our definition of diffusion.
Because some of the particles may naturally diffuse back to the area of high concentration they have just come from.
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Explain, in terms of diffusion, why insects are small.
The size of insects is limited by the distance that oxygen can diffuse.
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Describe how you could use your hand and a length of string to model increasing surface area.
The larger the surface area of the membrane, the more particles can diffuse through it.
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Explain how the concentration gradient affects diffusion .
The steeper the concentration gradient the faster is the rate of diffusion.
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Explain how temperature affects diffusion .
As the temperature increases so does the rate of diffusion. Particles have more energy and so move faster.
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Explain how the surface area of the membrane affects diffusion through it.
The larger the surface area, the greater the rate of diffusion through it.
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Describe an experiment in which you could investigate osmosis in plants using pieces of potato.
Make a series of salt solutions of different concentrations and place into beakers. Cut out potato chips to fit inside the beakers. Weigh all the potato chips before soaking in salt. Then, weigh them all again and calculate the percentage mass change
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Suggest an everyday example of diffusion of gases.

Back

Smelling someone’s deodorant or perfume

Card 3

Front

In which direction does oxygen diffuse in the lungs?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

In which direction does carbon dioxide diffuse in the lungs?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name the blood vessels from which oxygen diffuses into cells.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Margaret_aig

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This is so good to revise from!

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