Exchange and Transport

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  • Created by: efg150
  • Created on: 26-03-21 17:06

1. What is vital capacity?

  • The maximum volume of air that can be breathed in or out
  • The volume of air in each breath (usually about 0.4dm3)
  • How many breaths are taken (usually in a minute)
  • The rate at which an organism uses up oxygen (e.g. the number of dm3 used per minute)
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2. What are goblet cells?

  • They are in the walls of the trachea and bronchi to provide support. It's strong but flexible- it stops the trachea and bronchi collapsing when you breathe in and the pressure drops.
  • They beat the mucus. This moves the mucus upward away from the alveoli towards the throat, where it's swallowed. This helps prevent lung infections.
  • They line the airways and secrete mucus. The mucus traps microorganisms and dust particles in the inhaled air, stopping them from reaching the alveoli.
  • In the walls of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli help the process of breathing out.

3. What do tracheae branch off to?

  • Buccal cavity
  • Tracheoles
  • Gills
  • Spiracles

4. What does the exchange of substances depend on?

  • Volume to Surface area ration (V:SA)
  • Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)
  • How much energy is in the organism
  • The surface area of the organism

5. What is ventilation controlled by?

  • Cartilage, Gills, Cilia, Alveoli
  • Remote control
  • The movements of the diaphragm, internal and external intercostal muscles and ribcage.
  • Rhythmic abdominal movements
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