6. Why was chess used to study differences in problem solving expertise?
The problem space is huge as there is various moves which could be perfomed
All three
Has very clear ranking systems
Fits into problem solving theory
7. Henry is opposed to the legalisation of drugs. He seeks out news sources that agree with his position. When he comes across stories about drugs, he interprets them in a way that supports his beliefs. What type of cognitive bias is Henry using?
Confirmation bias
Omission bias
Planning bias
Self-serving bias
8. In DeGroot’s Chess Studies (1965, 1966) he compared performance of two groups of people. Which of the following is correct?
5 expert players & 5 beginners
5 grand masters & 5 expert players
5 gifted school children & 5 expert players
5 gifted school children & 5 beginners
9. Tim’s son argues that his peers are dating at 14, but Tim was raised to believe that 16 is the minimum dating age. Therefore, he believes that 16 is the earliest age a kid could date. What is this an example of?
Planning bias
Anchoring bias
Confirmation bias
Omission bias
10. In Schwarz et al (1994) study on assertiveness, what was the main finding?
Women who recalled 6 items rated themselves as having higher levels of assertiveness compared to males
The group that had to recall 6 examples rated themselves MORE assertive than those who recalled 12
The group who had to recall 12 examples rated themselves more assertive than those who had to recall 6
There was no difference between the two experimental groups
11. Psychologists have found that people tend to rely too heavily on the very first piece of information they learn, which can impact their decision making. What type of cognitive bias is this?
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Omission bias
Planning bias
12. In Carlson & Robinson’s (2009) study, gamblers in Las Vegas showed omission bias. What % of gambler’s mistakes were passive (e.g. not making a move/taking a risk when they could have won more)?
80%
20%
60&
40%
13. The differences in problem solving expertise were first studied in which domain?
FIFA
Chess
Connect four
Battleships
14. Lizzie is participating in research for her friend’s dissertation about problem solving. Whilst performing the task, she has been asked to think out loud about her next moves. What is this an example of?
Confirmation bias
Attentional load measure
Protocol analysis
Academic self concept
15. Kahneman's term "WYSIATI" refers to which system?
System one
System two
16. Lizzie & Donald are getting married in August 2020. Their original estimate was for the wedding was £15,000. However now the cost is £19,000. Their prior decision was based on overly optimistic forecasts. What is this an example of?
