Does the provision contain a recognisable rule of law which can be applied by the courts?
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Dirrect effect of Directives: Why is it an issue? In principle, directives are not directly applicable – need transposition
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transposition must be passed
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Card 30
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Vertical and horizontal direct effect
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effective (in litigation against public bodies) Directives are not capable of being horizontally directly effective (in litigation against private individuals) See also Case C-91/92 Faccini Dori v Recreb
