A biological catalyst which speeds up chemical reactions inside all cells without being used up in the process.
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What are enzymes made of?
Protein molecules which are made of amino acids. Each enzyme can contain between 100 and 1000 amino acids. These amino acids are joined in a large chain which folds to produce a unique 3D structure.
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Why do enzymes have different shapes?
Enzymes have different shapes and functions because the order and type of amino acids in their structures are different. Different enzymes have different shapes as they all catalyze different reactions.
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What enzymes break down the substrates of protein, lipids and starch?
Protease, lipase and amylase
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Describe how an enzyme spits the substrate into products
1. The enzyme has an active site. 2. The substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme due to the lock and key mechanism of the enzyme 3. The substrate is split into different products which then leave the active site.
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What factors effect the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
1. Temperature 2.pH 3. surface area 4. enzyme concentration 5.substrate concentration 6. pressure
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What do all enzymes work best at?
The optimum temperature and pH
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Describe how an enzyme becomes denatured
if the temperature and pH changes sufficiently beyond the optimum the shape of the enzyme is irreversibly changed. This affects the shape of the active site and means that the enzyme no longer works. When this happens the enzyme is denatured.
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What happens to the enzyme in cold temperatures?
Enzymes still work but at a slower rate than in warmer conditions or at their optimum temperature. They do not denature.
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What is the name of another protein enzyme and where does it work?
Pepsin, in the stomach
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Why is pepsin better suited to work in the stomach than other protein?
Peptin works best at pH2 in acidic conditions in the stomach whereas other protein enzymes have a pH of 7
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Why do enzyme catalyzed reactions happen very quickly at their optimum temperature?
The enzymes have lots of energy. This allows them to move quickly where they succesfully collide with their specific substrate molecules to make products quickly.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are enzymes made of?
Back
Protein molecules which are made of amino acids. Each enzyme can contain between 100 and 1000 amino acids. These amino acids are joined in a large chain which folds to produce a unique 3D structure.
Card 3
Front
Why do enzymes have different shapes?
Back
Card 4
Front
What enzymes break down the substrates of protein, lipids and starch?
Back
Card 5
Front
Describe how an enzyme spits the substrate into products
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