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6. When the meaning of a word grows to include more things, e.g. 'holiday' was once only used for holy days.
- Broadening
- Acronym
- Narrowing
- Conversion
7. When the meaning of a word becomes more specific e.g. 'mete' used to refer to food in general, whereas now 'meat' means only one type
- Narrowing
- Blend
- Archaism
- Eponym
- Borrowing
8. Words aquire new meaning when used metaphorically e.g. 'plain sailing'
9. Phrases that when said literally, make no sense 'over the moon' or 'under the thumb'
- Abbriviation
- Amelioration
- Idiom
- Euphemism
- Narrowing
10. When alternative words and phrases are used to make something more pleasant e.g. 'kicking the bucket'
- Standardisation
- PC
- Euphemism
- Blend
- Idiom
11. Overused phrases and words e.g. 'at the end of the day'
- Borrowing
- Euphemism
- Eponym
- Cliche
- Coinage
12. Political Correctness is a drive to replace words and expressions that are considered offencive e.g. 'mixed race'
13. Words which are taken from other languages
- Affixation
- Acronym
- Borrowing
- Blend
- Archaic
14. The creation of a new word, usually through fictional authors
- Eponym
- Compounding
- Coinage
- Pejoration
- Affixation
15. Adding prefixes and suffixes to existing words to form new ones e.g. 'Euphem(ism)'
- Affixation
- Euphemism
- Back-formation
- Compouding
- Conversion
16. When two words combine to make a new word, sometimes hyphonated e.g. 'blackbird'
- Compounding
- Acronym
- Broadening
- Weakening
17. When two parts of words are combined to make a new one e.g. 'smog'
- Standardisation
- Blend
- Coinage
- Back-formation
18. When the word class of a word changes e.g. a noun to a verb... 'bottle' becomes 'to bottle'
- Conversion
- Amelioration
- Narrowing
- Cliche
19. When a new word is formed by shortening a word e.g. 'ad' for 'advert'
- Blend
- Abbreviation
- Broadening
- Archaism
- Compounding
20. Words formed by the initial letters of words e.g. 'NASA' or 'PLO'
- Eponym
- Acronym
- Abbreviation
- Archaism
