Language used in a non literal way to describe something in other terms e.g. simile, metaphor
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Semantic Field
Groups of words connected by a shared field of reference e.g. medicine
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Synonyms
Words that have equivalent meanings
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Antonyms
Words that have contrasting meanings
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Hypernyms
Words that label categories e.g. animals including dog, cat and rabbit
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Hyponyms
Words that can be included in a larger more general category e.g. the hyponyms car and bus as a form of the hypernym transport
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Levels Of Formality
Vocabulary styles including slang, colloquialisms, taboo, formal and fixed levels
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Occupational Register
The technical vocabulary associated with a particular occupation or activity
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Sociolect
A language style associated with a particular social group
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Dialect
The language style associated with a particular geographical region e.g. geordie
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Neology
The process of the new word formation including : blends, compounds, acronyms, initialisms, eponyms
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Semantic Change
The process of words changing meaning including : narrowing, broadening, amelioration, semantic reclamation
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Lexis
Vocabulary, the types of words used
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Semantics
The meaning of words and expressions
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Collocation
A pair or group of words that are often used together and sound natural to native speakers however can be challenging for foreign students e.g. Fast collated with food but not meat, Cup of tea, Big mistake
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Idioms
Groups of words in a fixed order that have a meaning that cannot be understood by knowing the meaning of individual words e.g. pass the buck, last straw, a piece of cake
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Valence
Words that can fit into more than 1 semantic field e.g. fog and blood can both be associated with the supernatural as well as medical and weather
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Valency
The more specific a word is the less valency it has e.g. paediatrician only goes into the sematic field of medicine
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Euphemism
Expressions to say something in a polite way to make it less offensive usually used for topics surrounding death and sex e.g vertically challenged - short, passed away - died
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Dyphemism
A derogatory, harsh or unplesant term used to cause more offence e.g. Bog - toilet, knocked up - pregnant
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Register
The level of formality used - the more formal the higher the register and this is dependant on the social context. Register is dependant on the purpose of communication, relationship between speakers and medium of communication (spoken or written)
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Salutation
The way you greet someone
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Features of formal writing
Standard English, specialist vocabulary, Objective and formal tone, serves a purpose
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Features of informal writing
Colloquial or non standard English, general vocabulary, personal tone, inaccurate grammar and spelling, simple sentances, unofficial purpose
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The associated meanings of words e.g. red - fear
Back
Connotative Meaning (Signified)
Card 3
Front
Language used in a non literal way to describe something in other terms e.g. simile, metaphor
Back
Card 4
Front
Groups of words connected by a shared field of reference e.g. medicine
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