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English Legal System and Law making - Paper 2 (Influences on Parliamentary Law making)
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- Created by: chloefyf3
- Created on: 10-07-22 23:56
What are the five influences on parliamentary law making?
1 - political influence
2 - public opinion
3 - the media
4 - pressure groups
5 - lobbyists
2 - public opinion
3 - the media
4 - pressure groups
5 - lobbyists
1 of 38
What is published by the government and other parties in order to have a political influence on parliamentary law making and what is this?
a manifesto
during the campaign before a general
election, each political party publishes a programme of policies and reforms
that it wants to carry out if they become the government, many of which will require legislation
during the campaign before a general
election, each political party publishes a programme of policies and reforms
that it wants to carry out if they become the government, many of which will require legislation
2 of 38
What is a manifesto designed to do?
persuade the electorate to vote for that party
3 of 38
What will happen to the party that wins
an overall majority of seats in the house of commons?
an overall majority of seats in the house of commons?
formally invited by the queen to form the government with the political mandate for making changes promised in their manifesto
4 of 38
How long does the government have to fulfill its promises?
the life of the parliament (up to 5 years)
5 of 38
How long does a session of parliament last?
one year
6 of 38
Where are legislation planned for each session of parliament announced and who are they written by?
the queens speech
the prime minister and senior ministers
the prime minister and senior ministers
7 of 38
When is the legislation delivered, where and to who?
the beginning of that session (often October / November)
in the house of lords
to the combined membership of both houses
in the house of lords
to the combined membership of both houses
8 of 38
What does the legislation set out for the government?
their plans to deliver on its manifesto commitments
9 of 38
What is an example of an act of parliament influenced by a manifesto commitment?
the European Union Referendum Act 2015
10 of 38
What is another example of political influence?
the Hunting Act 2004
11 of 38
What are three advantages of political influence?
- each political party has its proposals ready
- government majority means most of the bill it introduces will pass
- demonstrates democratic accountability
- government majority means most of the bill it introduces will pass
- demonstrates democratic accountability
12 of 38
What is a disadvantage of political influence?
- it is difficult to fulfill promises particularly without overall majority
13 of 38
What can the public demand and what
is this usually encouraged or supported by, relating to the influence of public opinion?
is this usually encouraged or supported by, relating to the influence of public opinion?
new laws
media campaigns
media campaigns
14 of 38
What does public opinion frequently favour and what does it demonstrate the connection of?
legalising / banning of a particular matter often in response to controversial events
public opinion, media and pressure groups in achieving legislative change, as well as their impact on public morality
public opinion, media and pressure groups in achieving legislative change, as well as their impact on public morality
15 of 38
What will the party in power wish to remain in relation to public opinion and why?
popular
in order to be re-elected when the public next have an opportunity to vote
in order to be re-elected when the public next have an opportunity to vote
16 of 38
What is an example of an act made from a result of public concern?
Dangerous Dogs Act 1991
17 of 38
What is another example of an act made from a result of media coverage and concerns?
Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007
18 of 38
What are two advantages of public opinion?
- demonstrates democratic accountability, giving 'voice' to the people
- enables legislation to keep up with the changes in society
- enables legislation to keep up with the changes in society
19 of 38
What is a disadvantage of public opinion?
- responding too quickly to high profile incidents can lead to badly drafted law
20 of 38
What are four forms of media that can deliver information to the public?
- TV
- radio
- newspapers
- social media
- radio
- newspapers
- social media
21 of 38
How can the media influence government?
they pick up on and add weight to public opinion
bring issues to the public's attention
bring issues to the public's attention
22 of 38
What law has been passed as a result of a campaign by a newspaper and what does this law allow for?
Sarah's Law
- allows anyone to formally ask the police if someone who has access to a child is on the sex offenders register
- allows anyone to formally ask the police if someone who has access to a child is on the sex offenders register
23 of 38
What are two advantages of the media?
- UK's free press is able to criticise government policy
- can bring attention to issues important to the public
- can bring attention to issues important to the public
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What are two disadvantages of the media?
- can represent minority interests
- the news can be easily manipulated
- the news can be easily manipulated
25 of 38
What are pressure groups?
organisations that seek to influence the direction of law and policy on the basis of particular interests or causes
26 of 38
What are the two types of pressure groups?
cause groups
&
interest groups
&
interest groups
27 of 38
What do cause groups do and what are two examples of cause groups?
campaign on a particular issue
amnesty international (campaigns against use of torture)
&
greenpeace (environmental protest group)
amnesty international (campaigns against use of torture)
&
greenpeace (environmental protest group)
28 of 38
How can pressure groups reflecting
mass public opinion lead to pressure on law makers?
mass public opinion lead to pressure on law makers?
membership of group increases
exerts pressure on law makers to reconsider the law in certain areas
exerts pressure on law makers to reconsider the law in certain areas
29 of 38
What is an example of an act that was passed due to this?
the Hunting Act 2004
30 of 38
What are interest groups also known as and what do they represent?
sectional groups
the interests of a specified membership
the interests of a specified membership
31 of 38
What are two examples of interests groups?
trades union congress (represents workers)
&
confederation of business industry (represents business)
&
confederation of business industry (represents business)
32 of 38
How can interest groups be even more influential in the law making process, especially if they are insider groups, with an act example?
they are often consulted by
government at an early stage of the law making process and therefore are heavily involved in forming legislation
Deregulation Act 2015
government at an early stage of the law making process and therefore are heavily involved in forming legislation
Deregulation Act 2015
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What are two advantages of pressure groups?
- bring expertise, important scientific discoveries to the governments attention
- draw attention to minority causes
- draw attention to minority causes
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What are two disadvantages of pressure groups?
- not reflective of the population as a whole
- can have conflicting / competing interests
- can have conflicting / competing interests
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Who does the term lobbyist refer to?
companies who act on behalf of businesses, big charities and pressure groups
36 of 38
What do lobbyists use their access to an MP / government minister for?
to persuade them to change or amend the law
37 of 38
What is an example of a law that was passed from lobbying and what does this act do?
Enterprise Act 2016
- capped maximum salary for public
sector workers following pressure
from the lobbying group; the taxpayers' alliance
- capped maximum salary for public
sector workers following pressure
from the lobbying group; the taxpayers' alliance
38 of 38
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is published by the government and other parties in order to have a political influence on parliamentary law making and what is this?
Back
a manifesto
during the campaign before a general
election, each political party publishes a programme of policies and reforms
that it wants to carry out if they become the government, many of which will require legislation
during the campaign before a general
election, each political party publishes a programme of policies and reforms
that it wants to carry out if they become the government, many of which will require legislation
Card 3
Front
What is a manifesto designed to do?
Back
Card 4
Front
What will happen to the party that wins
an overall majority of seats in the house of commons?
an overall majority of seats in the house of commons?
Back
Card 5
Front
How long does the government have to fulfill its promises?
Back
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