Energy

?
Energy can be transferred but it can never be...
created or destroyed
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What happens when a system changes?
Energy is transferred
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How can energy be transferred?
Heating, Work done by forces or Work done when a current flows
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Give 4 example of energy pathways:
Mechanical, Electrical, Heat and Radiation
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What is mechanical?
Force acts upon a object
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What is electrical?
Electric current flow
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What is heat?
Temperature difference between objects
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What is radiation?
Electromagnetic waves or sound
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Define kinetic energy:
Energy stored by a moving object
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Define elastic potential energy:
Energy stored in a stretched spring, elastic band
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Define gravitational potential energy:
Energy gained by an object raised above the ground
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What is a system?
An object or group of objects that interact together. E.G. kettle
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Give examples of energy stores?
Kinetic, chemical, internal (thermal), gravitational potential, elastic potential, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear
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What happens to the energy in the energy stores?
Energy is gained or lost from the object or device.
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Name of ways to transfer energy:
Light, sound, electricity, thermal, kinetic are ways to transfer from one store to another store of energy
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Give an practical example of an energy transfer:
EG: electrical energy transfers chemical energy into thermal energy to heat water up.
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What is energy measured in?
Joules (J)
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Doing work...
transfers energy from one store to another
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What happens when applying a force to move an object?
The energy store is changed
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What is power?
The rate of energy transfer
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1 joule of energy per second=
1 watt of power
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What is the units for specific heat capacity?
Joules per Kilogram degree Celsius (J/Kg°C)
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What is the units for temperature change?
Degrees Celsius ( °C)
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What is the units for work done?
Joules (J)
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What is the units for force?
Newton (N)
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What is the units for distanced moved?
Metres (m)
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What is the units for power?
Watts (W)
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What is the units for time?
Seconds (s)
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What is useful energy?
Energy transferred and used
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What is wasted energy?
Dissipated energy, stored less usefully
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What is a closed system?
No change in total energy in system
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What is a open system?
Energy can dissipate
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When an object is moved...
energy is transferred by doing work
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What forces can cause energy to be transferred?
Frictional forces cause energy to be transferred as thermal energy. This is wasted.
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Give ways in which you can reduce friction?
Using wheels, applying lubrication. Reducing air resistance – travelling slowly, streamlining
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What is efficiency?
How much energy is usefully transferred
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How can efficiency be increased?
By using machines
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What does dissipate mean?
To scatter in all directions or to use wastefully
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What happens when energy is wasted?
It dissipates into the surroundings as internal (thermal) energy
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Give ways to reduce wasted energy:
Insulation, streamline design, lubrication of moving parts
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What is the principle of conservation of energy?
The amount of energy always stays the same
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What is Energy (KE, EPE, GPE, thermal) measured in?
Joules (J)
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What is velocity measured in?
Metres per second (m/s)
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What is spring constant measured in?
Newton per metre (N/m)
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What is extension measured in?
Metres (m)
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What is mass measured in?
Kilogram (Kg)
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What is gravitational field strength measured in?
Newton per kilogram (N/Kg)
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What is height measured in?
Metres (m)
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What is specific heat capacity?
Energy needed to raise 1kg of substance by 1°C
49 of 50
What does specific heat capacity depend on?
mass of substance, what the substance is and energy put into the system
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happens when a system changes?

Back

Energy is transferred

Card 3

Front

How can energy be transferred?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give 4 example of energy pathways:

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is mechanical?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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