Education; theory perspectives

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Education; Functionalism
Functionalism see the role of education as positive for both individuals and society. They argue it has three main functions; socialisation, economic and selection.
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Education; Functionalism - Socialisation (Durkhiem)
Durkhiem argued that education promoted social solidarity through shared values. Things such as teaching a common history and having assembilies would help bind students together and help create a value concensus.
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Education; Functionalsim - Socialisation (Parsons)
Parsons argued that education acted as a bridge between the particularistic values of the home and the universalistic values of society. He felt education was crucial in secondary socialisation and has become the focal socialising agency.
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Education; Functionalism - Economic (Durkheim)
Durkheim felt the roe of education was not only to provide general values but also specific skill (such as numeracy or literacy) needed for the world of work.
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Education; Functionalism - Economic (Parsons)
Parsons argued that education sociaises young people to believe that society is meriocratic. This prepares them for the individualistic and competative nature of the economy.
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Education; Functionalism - Selection (Davis and Moore)
Davis adn Moore argued that the education system helps to 'sift and sort' people into the most appropriate position in the economy (role allocation).
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Education; Functionalism - Strength
Education does perform a key role in secondary socialisation and acts as a bridge between the family and wider society.
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Education; Functionalism - Strength
Education does have an important role in skills provision and allocating future work roles.
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Education; Functionalism - Weakness (Marxism)
Socialisation-Rather than shared values, transmits ruiling class ideology. Economic-Education reproduces docile, obedient workers for capitalism. Selection- Meritocracy is a myth and the education system legitimates inequality.
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Education; Functionalism - Weakness (Interactionalism)
Interactionalist argue that functionalist ignore 'micro' processes in schools.
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Education; Functionalism - Weakness (Feminism)
Feminists argue that patriarchy within education is ignored. There are not equal oppourtunities for females in education.
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Education; Marxism - Althusser
Althusser argues that education is an ISA , a tool used by capitalism to make society to make society seem fair, blames individual rather than school. Class inequality as w/c end up in same type of job as parents.
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Education; Marxism - Bowles and Gintis
Aruge myth of meritocracy ensure w/c blame themselves for failure . There is a correspondence priciple as school mirrors work.
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Education; Marxism - Hidden Cirriculum
The hidden cirriculum prepares w/c pupils to accept their low position in the capitalist economy.
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Education; Marxism - Bourdieu
Argues that education leads to cultural reproduction. Rather that 'sifting and sorting', they reward m/c values. W/c lack cultural capital needed for success.
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Education; Marxism - Strength
Stats and research support the claim that meritocracy is a myth.
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Educatiom; Marxism - Strength
Demonstartes how individuals within education are influenced by structural factors, patriculary the economy.
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Education; Marxism - Strength
Illustrates how the role of education can be used to pass on ruiling-class ideology that supports capitalism.
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Education; Marxism - Weakness (Neo-marixm)
Willis argues that cultural reproduction occurs but w/c are active and can see through myth of meritocracy. The 'lads' were anti-school shows hidden cirriculum can be rejected.
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Education; Marxism - Weakness (Functionalism)
Functionalist argue that education system is not controlled by the capitalist economic system but offers equal oppourtunities, based on consensus not conflict.
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Education; Marxism - Weakness (Interactionalist)
Interactionalists argue that Marxist ignore the role of individuals in education.
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Education; Marxism - Weakness (Feminist)
Feminist argue that patriarchy within education is ignored. The hidden cirriculum reinforces gender inequalities in subject choice.
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Education;Marxism - Weakness (Postmodernist)
Postmodernist argue that Marxist view is out of date and that the correspondance priciple does not exist, education ensures diversity not inequality.
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Education; New Right - Same as Functionalism
Agrees with selection function. Agrees with socialisation function. Agrees with education should be based on meritocracy and competiton.
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Education; New Right - Different from Functionalism
Not fulfilling economic function. Disagrees the state can run education to meet needs of pupils, parents and employers. Greater competition is needed to improve standards.
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Education; New Right - Marketisation (Chubb and Moe)
Thatcher brang in marketisation designes to introduce market forces in educatiom . Chubb and Moe argued they need to be ran like businesses with greater competition and respond to needs of consumers.
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Education; New Right - Parentocracy (David)
David described marketised education as parentocracy, meaning parents would choose the right school for their children through OFSTED reports and league tables.
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Education; New Right- Independence
Schools given the powers to be independent by controlling own budgets and opt out of LEA control. Open enrolement meant schools can recruit more pupils and greater funding due to formula funding.
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Education; New Right - Privatisation
Avocates greater diversity in education and would support privatisation such as a increase in acadamies and business sponsership.
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Education; New Right - Vocational
To respond to needs of changing global economy, there is a greater emphasis on vocational education in order to prepare young people for the world of work.
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Education; New Right - Strength
Policies infulenced by the New Right have made education more responsive to the needs of the economy and create greater diversity in education and training.
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Education; New Right - Strength
Supporters argue that the continual improvement in exam results is evidence that increased competition as a result of marketisation policies between schools have improved standards.
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Education; New Right - Weakness (Ball)
Ball argues in the 'myth of parentocracy' and m/c parents benefit from marketisation policies, w/c parents may lack cultural and economic capical to be skilled workers.
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Education; New Right - Weakness
Marketisation has created unequal, 'two-tier' state education system. Popular schools are better funded attracting m/c pupils. Failing schools can't afford to be selective and may struggle to improve performance.
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Education; Postmodernism - Change in economy
The economy has changed from being Fordist (based on assembly line mass production) to post-Fordist (increasingly fragmented and has to respond to the needs of the global market)
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Education; Postmodernism
Education had to shift from one size fits all to the diverse range of education and trainign that reflects consumer choice and the needs of the ever-changing economy.
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Education; Postmodernism - Globalisation
Point to the impact globalsiation has on education, economy and society. Many acadamies are controlled by USA companies introducing american bahviour policies and teaching. Increase in overseas students impact the courses at higher education.
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Education; Postmodernism - Crisisms towards Functionalism and Marxism
Argue that mdeorn theories such as functionalism and marxism are out of date due to things like globalisation. critical of marxist as they both see ecomoy and education as diverse rather than being based on class inequality.
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Education; Postmodernism - Strength
They are right to point out that society has become more diverse and that economy requires workers to be more adaptable have transferable skills.
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Education: Postmodernism - Strength
Recent government and school policies have relected increased diversity and flexibility in educational provision e.g acadamies, faith schools, personalised timetables.
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Education; Postmodernism - Weakness (Marxism)
Marxist agrue that postmodernist ignore inequality in education and wider society.
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Education; Postmodernism - Weakness
Education is still largely under state control questioning whether it is really that diverse.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Durkhiem argued that education promoted social solidarity through shared values. Things such as teaching a common history and having assembilies would help bind students together and help create a value concensus.

Back

Education; Functionalism - Socialisation (Durkhiem)

Card 3

Front

Parsons argued that education acted as a bridge between the particularistic values of the home and the universalistic values of society. He felt education was crucial in secondary socialisation and has become the focal socialising agency.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Durkheim felt the roe of education was not only to provide general values but also specific skill (such as numeracy or literacy) needed for the world of work.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Parsons argued that education sociaises young people to believe that society is meriocratic. This prepares them for the individualistic and competative nature of the economy.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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