Economics - Global warming - Flashcards in GCSE Economics

Causes of global warming

Manufacturing, Energy Production, Transport, Heating buildings, Farming

1 of 22

How does manufacturing contribute to global warming?

Requires energy mainly produced by fossil fuels which release CO2, Deforestation for materials, Materials produced using fossil fuels and energy

2 of 22

How does energy production contribute to global warming?

Burning fossil fuels to produce energy releases CO2 and methane, Getting fossil fuels from underground requires energy, Transportation of fossil fuels produces CO2,

3 of 22

How does transport contribute to global warming?

Manufacturing transport requires energy usually from fossil fuels, Materials are produced and sourced using fossil fuels, Sourcing materials leads to deforestation, Transport requires energy to work

4 of 22

How does heating buildings contribute to global warming?

Energy used to boil water, fossil fuels used to produce energy - release CO2 and CH4, Energy and materials used to produce insulating materials and heaters

5 of 22

How does farming contribute to global warming?

Deforestation to get land for crops and animals, Animals produce CH4, Microorganisms produce CO2 when respiring when living off dead wood, Transport of farm goods

6 of 22

Global warming causes...

Rising sea levels, loss of farmland, severe weather

7 of 22

Population displacement

Caused by: rising sea levels, loss of farmland and severe weather. Effects on LEDC: Reduce economic growth, long recovery time, strain on financial resources. Effects on MEDC: Only local effects.

8 of 22

Famine

Caused by: loss of farmland, severe weather = loss of jobs. Effects on LEDC: less aid = more death, spread of diseases, increase in inequality. Effects on MEDC: Little effect due to welfare state, Increase inequality

9 of 22

Floods

Caused by: rising sea levels, severe weather. Effects on LEDC: Death, famine, destroyed property, reduce economic growth. MEDC: Destroy property, local effect. Compare: Insurance and more money in MEDCs

10 of 22

Drought

Caused by: severe weather. Effects on LEDC: death, famine, farm work destroyed, decrease in GDP. MEDC: Hosepipe bans, helps tourist industry. Compare: MEDCs are more prepared for floods

11 of 22

Loss output

Caused by: rising sea levels, loss of farmland, severe weather. Effects: Reduce economic growth, unemployment. Compare: Much worse effect on LEDCs

12 of 22

Taxing carbon emissions

It is a form of pollution tax. It levies a fee on the production, distribution or use of fossil fuels based on how much carbon their combustion emits. The government sets a price per ton of carbon then turns it into a tax for electricity, gas or oil.

13 of 22

Advantages of carbon tax

Lowers greenhouse gas emissions as in order to save money on fees, businesses and individuals become more energy efficient to reduce emissions. Encourages alternative energy by making it cost-competitive. Increase tax revenue.

14 of 22

Disadvantages of carbon tax

Production may shift to places where there is a lower carbon tax, Cost of administrating tax, Difficult to know external cost and set a price for tax, May encourage firms to hide real amount of emissions, Tax may have to be high to decrease demand

15 of 22

Carbon Trading/ Pollution Permits/ Cap and Trade

Scheme's governing body sets a cap on allowable emissions. It then distributes or auctions off emission allowances that total the cap. Member firms that do not have enough allowances to cover their emissions must either make reductions or buy...

16 of 22

Carbon Trading/ Pollution Permits/ Cap and Trade cont.

another firm's spare credits. Members with extra allowances can save or sell them. Schemes can be mandatory or voluntary.

17 of 22

Disadvantages of Carbon Trading

It is difficult to know how many permits to give out. The government may be too generous or too tight. Difficult to measure pollution levels. There is potential for hiding pollution levels. Administration costs. Richer companies aren't as affected.

18 of 22

Advantages of Carbon Trading

IF firms pollute a lot there will be low supply and high demand therefore the price will be high for permits. IF it pollutes less than its quota then it can sell it to other countries. Therefore there is an incentive for firms to cut pollution.

19 of 22

Subsidising the development and use of alternative energy sources/ renewable resources

This is when money is granted by the Government to assist a business or industry so that the price of a commodity of service decreases. This makes it more cost-competitive and increases investment into renewable energy sources.

20 of 22

Advantages of subsidising alternative energy sources

Make alternative energy sources, cheaper for the consumer/ producer which increases investment or sales as it makes it more cost-competitive. Increases employment as investment increases. Reduce pollution.

21 of 22

Disadvantages of subsidising alternative energy sources

Expensive for the Government, increase in taxes. Giving subsidies to firms may encourage inefficiency, because the firms can rely on government aid. The building of renewable energy sources will increases pollution. If energy is cheaper, more waste.

22 of 22

Get Revising

Economics - Global warming

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Economics resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar Economics resources: