6. How are monophyletic groups (clades) identified?
Unique derived characteristics
Monophyletic groups are found on the basis of shared derived characteristics
Shared primitive characteristics
Overall similarity
7. Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Ecology helps understand where organisms are found, how many occur there, and why
Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms, and the interactions that determine distribution and abundance
Ecology only accounts for the biotic environemnet
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environments
8. DNA sequence data does not...
Reflect differing environmental conditions during embryonic development.
Are usually unaffected by natural selection for different ecological conditions
Often allow the absolute time of divergence between lineages to be calculated.
Often provide more numerous characters for analysis than morphology.
9. Monophyletic group is..
The descendants of a common ancestor that do not have any unique derived character states
A group that contains all and only the descendants of common ancestor
The descendants of a common ancestor that are similar to that ancestor
Some but not all descendants
10. Which of the following traditions of behavioural research largely focussed on laboratory studies of learning in rats and pigeons as models for human beings?
Ethology
Sociobiology
Behaviouralism
Evolutionary biology
11. Change in genetic composition between generations
Genetic drift
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Mutation
12. Mechanisms for both micro and macroevolution are?
genetic drift, migration, mutation and natural selection
genetic drift, mutation, natural selection and speciation
extinction, genetic drift, mutation and natural selection
extinction, mutation, natural selection and speciation
13. An ethogram is...
A graphic showing statistical relationships between kinds of behaviour
A piece of equipment for recording behaviour
A series of descriptions/diagrams of behavioural categories
A person who studies animal behaviour
14. Which is correct about DNA?
Discovered by Mendel
Undergoes semi conservative replication
Compromises entirely of Genes
Mutates when required
15. In cladistic taxonomy, organisms are classified on the basis of
Monophyly
Similarity in key character
Similarity and monophyly
Similarity
16. Which is not true?
Shared derived character states can be identified because they are more common than primitive character states.
Shared derived character states imply monophyly of the organisms that have them.
Shared derived character states can be identified through outgroup comparison.
Shared derived character states are also known as synapomorphies..
17. Result from low effective population sizes:a) populations more subdivided by fragmentation; b) more inbreeding depression; c) more genetic drift; d) less demographic variation:
2
3
1
4
18. Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about the Biological Species Concept?
The Biological Species Concept is the only widely accepted species concept
Hard to apply to fossils
Inapplicable to asexual species
Inapplicable to plants
19. In humans, the heritability of MN blood type is 1 (one) and the heritability of second language is 0 (zero). This means that:
many languages only one blood type
Blood type = genotype second language = environment
many blood types only one second language
Blood type = environment, second language = genotype
20. Snails with brown shells are more common in woodlands where the ground surface is darker; against this background snails with yellow shells are very visible and are more likely to be eaten by predatory birds. This is an example of:
