the function of punishment is to uphold social solidarity and reinforce shared values by expressing society's moral outrage at the offence
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Durkheim identifies two types of justice, corresponding to two types of society
Retributive justice and Restitutive justice
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Retributive justice
Traditional society has a strong collective conscience, so punishment is severe and vengeful
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Restitutive justice
In modern society, there is extensive interdependence between individuals. Crime damages this and the function of justice should be to repair the damage (e.g. through compensation)
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Evaluation
Durkheim's view is too simplistic: traditional societies often have restitutive rather than retributive justice, e.g. paying off a blood feud
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Card 2
Front
Durkheim identifies two types of justice, corresponding to two types of society
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