DNA and the Genome 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyPART 1Scottish HighersNone Created by: LibbyMackenzieCreated on: 04-11-17 14:30 What are nucleotides 2 strands that makeup DNA composed of repeating units with deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and base 1 of 25 What is the base pairing rule Adenine bond with thymine, Guanine bond with Cytosine 2 of 25 What attaches bases on each DNA molecule to each other Hydrogen bonds 3 of 25 What attaches nucleotides in a single DNA molecule to each other Strong chemical bonds 4 of 25 What name is given to the twisted coil arrangement of a DNA molecule Double helix 5 of 25 What does semi conservative mean When each DNA molecule ends up with one parental (original) strand and one newly synthesised strand 6 of 25 What does DNA polymerase do Adds nucleotides to growing strand of DNA and can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of DNA strand 7 of 25 What does antiparallel mean Stands whose backbones run in opposite directions 8 of 25 Prokaryotes Orgnaisms that has lack of a true membrane bound nucleus but contain a circular chromosome and also contain plasmids 9 of 25 Eukaryotes Organisms that have membrane bound nucleus that stores genetic material. Have linear chromosomes, strings of DNA wrapped around portein. 10 of 25 What is a restriction enzyme Used to prepare each DNA smaple by cutting it at specific sites into smaller pieces of vaying lengths characteristics of that type of DNA 11 of 25 Ligase Join up the okazaki fragments 12 of 25 Primer Shor section of RNA nucleotides that allow attachement of DNA polymerase for replication to begin 13 of 25 Leading strand When double helix able to replicate as a single piece 14 of 25 lagging strand When double helix must be replicated in shorter pieces e.g okazaki fragments 15 of 25 Polymrase chain reaction Used for amplification of DNA fragments 16 of 25 What does each DNA parental strand acts as during DNA replication Template 17 of 25 Name given to the chain formed when several amino acids become linked together Polypeptide 18 of 25 What are the 4 elements found in protein Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen 19 of 25 What is needed for a cell to convert the DNA code in the nucleus into a protien in the ribosomes Ribonucleic acid (RNA) 20 of 25 Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA 1) RNA single stranded, DNA double stranded. 2) RNA uracil base, DNA thymine base. 3) RNA ribose sugar, DNA deoxyribose sugar 21 of 25 Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Form part of the ribosome along with proteins 22 of 25 Transfer RNA (tRNA) Crries sepific amino acid to ribosome for attachment to the peptide chain 23 of 25 Messenger RNA (mRNA) Carries copy of DNA code from nucleus to ribosomes to direct the synthesis of protien synthesis 24 of 25 Insulin Hormone that regulates blood glucose concentrations 25 of 25
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