State four properties of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
- Short - Circular - Not associated with proteins - No chromosomes
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State three properties of DNA in a eukaryotic cell
- Long - Linear - Associated with proteins (histone) allowing chromosomes to be formed
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Describe the DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells
It is short, circular and not associated with proteins
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When are chromosomes only visible in a cell?
During cell division
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What is formed when histone associates with DNA?
DNA-histone complex
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What is the diploid number of a cell?
The total number of chromosomes
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What is a haploid cell?
Half the number of chromosomes
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What is a homologous pair?
A pair of sister chromatids that carry the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles. Their is always a maternal and paternal chromosome in ecah pair.
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What is an allele?
One of alternative versions of a gene
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How many alleles does one individual have of each gene?
Two alleles, one maternal and one paternal
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Can the two alleles be the same equally as they can be different?
Yes
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When an individual is heterozygous what does this mean?
The two alleles that individual has of a particular gene are different
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When an individual is homozygous what does this mean?
The two alleles that indivual has of a particluar gene are the same
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What is caused by a change in the base sequence of a gene?
A new allele (mutation) is created which affects the amino acid sequence, hence a different protein can be produced which may not carry out the original or any function at all
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
State three properties of DNA in a eukaryotic cell
Back
- Long - Linear - Associated with proteins (histone) allowing chromosomes to be formed
Card 3
Front
Describe the DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells
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