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6. Why is the DCT and CD hypertonic in concentrated urine?
- Some solute reabsorption from DCT and CD, but no ADH release, no aquaporin insertion, therefore no H2O reabsorption
- ADH release aquaporin insertion, therefore H2O reabsorption
- Loss of H2O reabsorption into the vasa recta, no solute reabsorption
- Loss of solute into the interstitum and some into the vasa recta, no H2O reabsorption
- Similar H2O and solute reabsorption into the peritubular capillaries
7. What is the urine volume with maximal ADH?
8. Why is the ascending LoH hypotonic?
- ADH release aquaporin insertion, therefore H2O reabsorption
- Loss of solute into the interstitum and some into the vasa recta, no H2O reabsorption
- Loss of H2O reabsorption into the vasa recta, no solute reabsorption
- Similar H2O and solute reabsorption into the peritubular capillaries
- Some solute reabsorption from DCT and CD, but no ADH release, no aquaporin insertion, therefore no H2O reabsorption
9. What value is it for the body fluids to become hyper-osmolar?
- > 285mosm/Kg H2O
- < 285mosm/Kg H2O
- = 285mosm/Kg H2O
- not 285mosm/Kg H2O
10. What is the urine osmolality with maximal ADH?
- 1400mOsm/KgH2O- Same as the internal osmolality of the deepest medulla or close to the pailla
- 60 mOsm/KgH2O- Same as the filtrate osmolality before it gets to the collecting ducts
11. What environment is the filtrate at the end of the ascending LoH
- Hypotonic
- Isotonic
- Hypertonic
12. What is false about dehydration?
- Hypernatremia is the real problem
- Small volume of a concentrated urine as high as 1200 mOsm/KgH2O
- Increase in osmolality of extracellular fluid
- Increase in ADH release- aquaporin insertion to facilitate H2O reabsorption from DCT and CD
13. What environment is the filtrate at the end of the descending LoH
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
- Isotonic
14. What will happen if there is insufficient H20 ?
- small volume of dilute urine
- large volume of dilute urine
- small volume of concentrated urine
- large volume of concentrated urine
15. What environment is the filtrate at the DCT and collecting duct to produce dilute urine
- Isotonic
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
16. What environment is the filtrate at the end of the proximal convoluted tubules?
- Isotonic
- Hypertonic
- Hypotonic
17. Does the amount waste products change with insufficient H20?
- No, you are still producing 600mOsm of waste solutes that must be removed by the kidneys
- Yes, you produce less that 600mOsm of waste solutes, which would have to removed by the kidneys
18. Why is the PCT isotonic?
- Some solute reabsorption from DCT and CD, but no ADH release, no aquaporin insertion, therefore no H2O reabsorption
- Loss of H2O reabsorption into the vasa recta, no solute reabsorption
- ADH release aquaporin insertion, therefore H2O reabsorption
- Similar H2O and solute reabsorption into the peritubular capillaries
- Loss of solute into the interstitum and some into the vasa recta, no H2O reabsorption
19. Why is the descending LoH hypertonic?
- ADH release aquaporin insertion, therefore H2O reabsorption
- Loss of H2O reabsorption into the vasa recta, no solute reabsorption
- Similar H2O and solute reabsorption into the peritubular capillaries
- Loss of solute into the interstitum and some into the vasa recta, no H2O reabsorption
- Some solute reabsorption from DCT and CD, but no ADH release, no aquaporin insertion, therefore no H2O reabsorption
20. What is the urine osmolality with no ADH?
- 60 mOsm/KgH2O- Same as the filtrate osmolality before it gets to the collecting ducts
- 1400mOsm/KgH2O- Same as the internal osmolality of the deepest medulla or close to the pailla