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6. Lizzie's neighbour seems to be an inactive child & adjusts slowly to new experiences. According to his temperament, what type of child is he?
- A slow-to-warm-up child
- A difficult child
- An easy child
- A neurotic child
7. The MAX coding system found certain emotions to be present at birth. Which of the following was one of them?
- Distress
- Disgust
- All three
- Interest
8. What is the definition of social referencing?
- The strategies used to adjust emotional states to a comfortable level of intensity
- Where infants use others facial expressions as a guide on how to act & behaviour
- An individual’s emotions & related behaviours triggering similar emotions and behaviours in others
- A mutual, interlocking pattern of attachment behaviours shared by a parent and a child
9. According to Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development, how can caregivers overcome problems with basic trust vs mistrust?
- Encouraging interpersonal synchrony
- By being sympathetic & loving
- Promoting the idea of "I-self"
- Providing suitable guidance & choices
10. What does the MAX coding system look at to try and work out feelings/emotions of babies?
- The amount of noise produced
- Essential muscles used in facial expression
- Eye movement
- How quickly the baby changes emotion
11. What emotions appear at around 3-4 months in response to active stimuli?
- Surprise
- Sadness
- All three
- Anger
12. According to the goodness of fit model, if an irritable baby receives unstable parenting, what type of toddler will they become?
- Happy
- Motivated
- Negative
- Calm
13. According to Sholz (2019), what % of individual differences can be traced to differences in genetic make up?
- About 65%
- About 25%
- About 50%
- About 15%
14. According to Hertenstein (2011), what does an infant rely on in an uncertain situation?
- A friend of their parents
- A trusted person's emotional reaction
- Another infant of the same age
- Their favourite snack
15. In a child's emotional development, when does the self conscious emotions emerge?
- 18-24 months
- 3-6 years
- 5-7 years
- 24-36 months
16. The social smile first appears in response to what stimuli?
- Unpleasant experiences
- The human face
- Active stimuli
- Stressful experiences
17. Donald came home from work smiling. He told Lizzie that he had a good day at work and that caused her to smile back. What is this an example of?
- Nonverbal encoding
- Reciprocal socialisation
- Emotional contagion
- Ambivalent attachment
18. What was the main finding in Meltzoff & Moore’s (1997) study?
- Babies as young as 12-27 days would attempt to imitate facial & physical gestures
- Young children aged 2-4 years were able to replicate exact facial emotions of their caregiver
- Reciprocity could be seen in interactions from 3 months of age
- Pro-social behaviours were evident in babies from 3 months of age
19. In emotional development, is the expression of sadness less/more frequent than anger?
- No difference
- Less frequent
- More frequent
- There isn't enough data to prove a direction
20. Who developed the MAX coding system?
- Carroll Izard
- Lev Vygotsky
- Erik Erikson
- Sigmund Freud