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6. Lizzie's neighbour seems to be an inactive child & adjusts slowly to new experiences. According to his temperament, what type of child is he?

  • A slow-to-warm-up child
  • A difficult child
  • An easy child
  • A neurotic child

7. The MAX coding system found certain emotions to be present at birth. Which of the following was one of them?

  • Distress
  • Disgust
  • All three
  • Interest

8. What is the definition of social referencing?

  • The strategies used to adjust emotional states to a comfortable level of intensity
  • Where infants use others facial expressions as a guide on how to act & behaviour
  • An individual’s emotions & related behaviours triggering similar emotions and behaviours in others
  • A mutual, interlocking pattern of attachment behaviours shared by a parent and a child

9. According to Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development, how can caregivers overcome problems with basic trust vs mistrust?

  • Encouraging interpersonal synchrony
  • By being sympathetic & loving
  • Promoting the idea of "I-self"
  • Providing suitable guidance & choices

10. What does the MAX coding system look at to try and work out feelings/emotions of babies?

  • The amount of noise produced
  • Essential muscles used in facial expression
  • Eye movement
  • How quickly the baby changes emotion

11. What emotions appear at around 3-4 months in response to active stimuli?

  • Surprise
  • Sadness
  • All three
  • Anger

12. According to the goodness of fit model, if an irritable baby receives unstable parenting, what type of toddler will they become?

  • Happy
  • Motivated
  • Negative
  • Calm

13. According to Sholz (2019), what % of individual differences can be traced to differences in genetic make up?

  • About 65%
  • About 25%
  • About 50%
  • About 15%

14. According to Hertenstein (2011), what does an infant rely on in an uncertain situation?

  • A friend of their parents
  • A trusted person's emotional reaction
  • Another infant of the same age
  • Their favourite snack

15. In a child's emotional development, when does the self conscious emotions emerge?

  • 18-24 months
  • 3-6 years
  • 5-7 years
  • 24-36 months

16. The social smile first appears in response to what stimuli?

  • Unpleasant experiences
  • The human face
  • Active stimuli
  • Stressful experiences

17. Donald came home from work smiling. He told Lizzie that he had a good day at work and that caused her to smile back. What is this an example of?

  • Nonverbal encoding
  • Reciprocal socialisation
  • Emotional contagion
  • Ambivalent attachment

18. What was the main finding in Meltzoff & Moore’s (1997) study?

  • Babies as young as 12-27 days would attempt to imitate facial & physical gestures
  • Young children aged 2-4 years were able to replicate exact facial emotions of their caregiver
  • Reciprocity could be seen in interactions from 3 months of age
  • Pro-social behaviours were evident in babies from 3 months of age

19. In emotional development, is the expression of sadness less/more frequent than anger?

  • No difference
  • Less frequent
  • More frequent
  • There isn't enough data to prove a direction

20. Who developed the MAX coding system?

  • Carroll Izard
  • Lev Vygotsky
  • Erik Erikson
  • Sigmund Freud