Developmental psychology - Kohlberg (1968)

?
  • Created by: Rosa335
  • Created on: 11-06-17 12:04
What were Kohlberg's three stages of moral development?
1) Preconventional 2) Conventional 3)Postconventional
1 of 27
What stages where there in the preconventional and what moral reasoning was shown?
1)Punishment, obedience and orientation: Rules are kept to avoid punishment. 2)Instrumental relativist orientation: Right behaviour is that ultimately brings rewards to oneself
2 of 27
What stages where there in the conventional and what moral reasoning was shown?
3)Good boy-Good girl orientation: Good behaviour is what pleases others. 4)Law-Order orientation: Doing one's duty obeying laws is important
3 of 27
What stages where there in the postconventional and what moral reasoning was shown?
5)Social contract orientation: Right is what is democratically agreed upon. 6)Universal principles orientation: Moral actioning is taken based upon self-chosen principles
4 of 27
What was Kohlberg's aim?
To show support for his theory of moral development
5 of 27
What was Kohlberg's research method?
Longitudinal (12 years), Also conducted in different countries (snap-shot, cross-cultural)
6 of 27
Describe the sample used in this study
75 american boys, 10-16 years followed at 3 year intervals to 22-28 years. Moral development was also studied in boys of GB, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico, Turkey
7 of 27
Describe the task the American boys had to complete
Hypothetical moral dilemmas in the form of short-stories. Stories determined stage of moral reasoning for each of 25 moral aspects.
8 of 27
What were some of the moral aspects looked at?
Motive given for rule obedience or moral action. The value of human life.
9 of 27
How was the value of human life tested at age 10?
"Is it better to save the life of one important person or a lot of unimportant people?"
10 of 27
How was the value of human life tested at age 13,16,20 and 24?
"Should the doctor mercy kill a fatally ill woman requesting death because of her pain?"
11 of 27
How was moral reasoning tested in different cultures (age 10-13)?
"A man's wife is starving to death but the store owner won't give the man any food unless he can pay, which he can't. Should he break in and steal some food? Why?"
12 of 27
How was Kohlberg's moral stage 1 shown in relation to the value of human life?
The value of human life is confused with the value of physical objects and it is based on the social status or physical attributes of its possessor.
13 of 27
How was Kohlberg's moral stage 2 shown in relation to the value of human life?
The value of human life is seen as instrumental to the needs of it's possessor or of other people.
14 of 27
How was Kohlberg's moral stage 3 shown in relation to the value of human life?
The value of human life is based on the empathy and affection of family members and others towards its possessors
15 of 27
How was Kohlberg's moral stage 4 shown in relation to the value of human life?
Life is conceived as sacred in terms of its place in a categorical moral or religious order of rights and duties
16 of 27
How was Kohlberg's moral stage 5 shown in relation to the value of human life?
Life is valued both in terms of its relation to community welfare and in terms of life being a universal human right
17 of 27
How was Kohlberg's moral stage 6 shown in relation to the value of human life?
Belief in sacredness of human life as representing a universal human value of respect for the individual
18 of 27
How was moral action/rule and obedience shown in stage 1?
Obey rules to avoid punishment
19 of 27
How was moral action/rule and obedience shown in stage 3?
conform to avoid disapproval dislike by others
20 of 27
How was moral action/rule and obedience shown in stage 2?
Conform to obtain rewards have favours returned etc.
21 of 27
How was moral action/rule and obedience shown in stage 4?
Conform to avoid censure by legitimate authorities and resultant guilt.
22 of 27
How was moral action/rule and obedience shown in stage 5?
Conform to maintain respect of the impartial spectator judging in terms of community and welfare
23 of 27
How was moral action/rule and obedience shown in stage 6?
Conform to avoid self-condemnation
24 of 27
Outline some of the other results of this study
Ppts showed progress through the stages as age increased. Not all ppts progressed through all the stages, A child at an early stage tends to move forwards when confronted with the views of a child one stage further.
25 of 27
Outline the cross cultural findings
No important differences were found in the development of moral thinking. Middle-class children were found to be more advanced in moral judgement than matched lower class children.
26 of 27
Outline Kohlberg's conclusions
Moral development fits with Kohlberg's stage-pattern theory. There is a cultural universality of sequences of stages. Each stage of moral development comes one at a time and always in the same order.
27 of 27

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What stages where there in the preconventional and what moral reasoning was shown?

Back

1)Punishment, obedience and orientation: Rules are kept to avoid punishment. 2)Instrumental relativist orientation: Right behaviour is that ultimately brings rewards to oneself

Card 3

Front

What stages where there in the conventional and what moral reasoning was shown?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What stages where there in the postconventional and what moral reasoning was shown?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was Kohlberg's aim?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Developmental psychology resources »