Development 21 Adolescence

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 14-05-17 13:44
how is adolescence defined in terms of time
period between 10-20
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what are the 4 major tasks of adolescence
adjust to changing body size and shape, come to terms with sexuality, adjust to new ways of thinking, strive for maturity (emotional and economic)
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age at puberty has ______ dramatically over the last few hundred years
declined
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what does menarche mean
starting period
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in 1840 the mean menarche was what
17
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now its what
13
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give 5 reasons why this might be
increased standard of living, nutrition, health, heredity and body mass
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how long does the process of puberty
4
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who girls through puberty first, girls or boys
girls
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puberty beings how much earlier for girls than boys
2-3 years
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boys have an increase in what hormone
testosterone
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girls have an increase in what hormone
estradiol
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however we are going to focus on what
psychological aspects
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during puberty, people feel least satisfied with what
body image
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who more
girls
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increased hormones, relates to a change in what
mood
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how are boys moods effected
increased anger and irritability
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how are girls moods effected
increased anger and depression
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how big are these effect differences
small
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how many hypotheses are there of pubertal timing
3
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name them
stressful change hypothesis, off time hypothesis, early timing hypothesis
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what does the stressful change hypothesis entail
the increased stress during pubertal changes will cause distress during the period of most rapid change
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what does the off time hypothesis entail
you want to be at the average time, if your earlier or late, there will be more distress
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what does the early-timing hypothesis
early maturation may cause inappropriate maturity demands from others, causing distress
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most of these hypothesis mainly focus on who
girls
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who and when tested these 3 rival hypothesis
Capsi and Moffit, 1991
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where did they study participants
new zealand
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what gender
girls
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how many
348
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what were there age boundaries
early: -12, early middle: 12.1+, late middle: 13.1+, late: 14.1+
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what did they measure
behaviour problems
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what type of behavioural problems
internal AND external
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which hypothesis was true
early timing
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girls that mature early are at risk for being what 5
less sociable, poorer body image, lower self-esteem, risky behaviour, education
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what was the girls set off
attention from older boys
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boys that mature early are at risk for being what 5
higher self-esteem, more popular, leaders, good-nature, cognitive advantage
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they are also more what
cautious, bound by rules and routines
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boys that are late maturers are what 4 things
dependent, insecure, agressive, likely to rebel against parents
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Who and when did study of print child relationships
Larson et al, 1996
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what type of study was it
experience sampling
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what ages were studied
10-18
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what did they find
overall time with families decreases but one on one time with parents, stays constant
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there was no correlation between what
quantity of time spent and quality of time spent
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there was evidence for both ________ and _________
transformation and disengagment
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parental monitering is going _______but anti social behaviour is ________
going up, going up
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therefore they are related how
in a very complicated way
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puberty also plays a part in provoking what development
identity
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this is due to an advance in what
cognitive development
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advances in cognitive development leads to what
self-relection
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What are the main areas of research for identity in adolescence
self-esteem, self-conept, identity formation
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James 1892 said what about self esteem
high self-esteem results from good performance in domains deemed important
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people care most about what
physical appearance
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Cooley came up with what type of self esteem phrase
looking glass self
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what does looking glass self mean
other peoples opinions on them, a large determinant of self-esteem
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they found that they didn't care about things that who thought of them
teachers and closest friends
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erikson's psychological stages see's adolescence as what
a crisis stage
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what happens
either formation of identity or identity diffusion
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what is erik sons definition of an identity
confidence in ones inner continuity amid change
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what differences did he claim
gender differences
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what were the gender differences
men must achieve a stable identity prior to intimacy, whereas women achieve their identity through the role of mother and wife
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who continued this work
marcia
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what did she identify
4 statuses of identity
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draw it
commitment and crisis on axis, yes no, achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion
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what is the most common identity
moratorium
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what type of parenting style predicts achievement or moratorium
authoritative, attachment with freedom to voice opinion
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what type of parenting style predicts foreclosure
overly close bonds without serration
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hat type of parenting style predicts diffusion
low warmth without open communication
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what is a cultural/historical influence on predicting identity
its getting later
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Card 2

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what are the 4 major tasks of adolescence

Back

adjust to changing body size and shape, come to terms with sexuality, adjust to new ways of thinking, strive for maturity (emotional and economic)

Card 3

Front

age at puberty has ______ dramatically over the last few hundred years

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does menarche mean

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

in 1840 the mean menarche was what

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