Definitions 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryAllASAQA Created by: tialouCreated on: 26-02-16 21:36 Activation energy The minimum amount of kinetic energy paticles require in order to react when they collide. 1 of 31 Avagadro constant The number of particles in one mole of a substance 2 of 31 Bond enthalpy The energy required to break a bond between two atoms 3 of 31 Catalyst A substance that increases the rate of reaction by creating an alternative pathwaty for a reaction, lowering the Activation energy required 4 of 31 Chain isomer An organic molecule that has the same atoms and functional group as other molecules but a different skeletal formula 5 of 31 Covalent bond A shared pair of electrons 6 of 31 Cracking Breaking long chained alkanes into smaller hydrocarbons 7 of 31 Dative covalent bond (Co-ordinate bond) A bond formed when one atom donates a pair of electons 8 of 31 Dipole A difference in charge between two atoms, resulting in a shift in electron density. 9 of 31 E-isomer An isomer of an alkene with the two highest priority groups on opposite sides 10 of 31 Electronegativity The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond 11 of 31 Empiricle formula A formula that gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 12 of 31 Endothermic reaction A reaction that absorbs energy 13 of 31 Enthalpy change Energy transfered in a reaction at constant pressure 14 of 31 Exothermix reaction A reaction that gives out energy 15 of 31 First ionisation energy The amount of energy required to remove one electron from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of +1 gaseous ions 16 of 31 Fractional distillation A method of separating crude oil fractions using their boiling points 17 of 31 Free radical A paricle with an unpaired electron 18 of 31 Functional group isomer A molecule with the same molecular formula but has atoms arranges into different fuctional groups 19 of 31 Homologous series Organic comounds with the same general formula and similar properties 20 of 31 Ionic bond An electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ion in a lattice 21 of 31 Mean bond enthalpy An average value for the bond enthalpy of a particular bond in a range of compouns its found in 22 of 31 Nucleophile An electron pair donor 23 of 31 Oxidation Loss of electrons 24 of 31 Oxidising agent A substance that accepts electrons and is reduced 25 of 31 Polar bond A covelent bond where the difference in elecronegativity caused a shift in electron density 26 of 31 Polar molecule Molecule containing polar bonds that are arranged so that dipoles dont cancel each other out 27 of 31 Position isomer Molecule with the same skeletal and molecular formula but the functional group is attatched to a different carbon 28 of 31 Reduction Gain of electrons 29 of 31 Refluxing Heating a reaction without losing volatile sovents, reactants or products. Vapourised compounds cool and drip back into the reaction mixture. 30 of 31 Stereoisomer Molecules with the same structural formula but its atoms are arranged differently in space. 31 of 31
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