Crime and Punishment

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Why Are Laws Needed?
1) Protect weak from strong. 2) All groups need laws for its' members to follow. 3) Laws in business make sure we are paid and treated fairly. 4) Keep things organised in advanced societies such as the UK.
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Connection Between Laws and Justice:
St. Thomas Aquinas said an unjust law is not a proper law.
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Unjust Laws:
1) People will feel it is right to break the law. 2) May cause people to feel all laws are unjust. 3) People will take laws into their own hands. 4) It may lead to a civil war.
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Theories of Punishment (3):
1) Retribution - punishment proportional to the crime. 2) Deterrence- scare people with harsh punishments. 3) Reform - educating criminals so they gain qualifications so they do not need to turn to crime.
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Theories of Punishment (1):
4) Protection - keeping a person imprisoned for so long that when they are released they are no longer a danger to society.
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Christian Attitudes to Justice:
1) The Bible says God is a God of justice. 2) 'Love thy neighbour' 3) The New Testament talks about fair treatment a lot. 4) Parable of the sheep and goat.
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Islamic Attitudes to Justice:
1) Quran- Allah is just. 2) Judgment (last) day 3) As khalifah's they should share resources equally. 4) Zakah - equal rights.
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Non-Religous Arguments For Capital Punishment:
1) Good deterrence. 2) Only true retribution 3) Removes the threat murderers present. 4) Could comfort the family.
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Non-Religous Arguments Against Capital Punishment:
1) People wrongly convicted. 2) Easy way out. 3) Executed terrorists become martrys inspiring others. 4) Countries without penalty have lower murder rates.
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Chistrian Arguments Against Capital Punishment:
1) Jesus banned an eye for an eye. 2) Sanctity of Life. 3) Jesus "turn the other cheek". 4) Jesus resurected to reform sinners but you cannot reform the dead.
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Christian Arguments For Capital Punishment:
1) The church used it against heresy in the past. 2) The Church has never condemned it. 3) Bible mentions it as a punishment. 4) Aquinas "Peace in society is more important than reforming sinners".
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Islamic Arguments For Capital Punishment:
1) Murder & Apostasy & Adultery is unforgivable. 2) Punishment set by Allah in the Quran. 3) Muhammad sentenced people to death. 4) Shariah law lays down crimes to be prescribed to death and all muslims should try to follow this.
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Shariah Law Alternative:
Shariah also allows blood money to be paid towards the victim's family for murder in place of the death penalty.
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UK Laws on Tobacco and Alcohol:
1) Cannot sell to under 18's. 2) Adverts for tobacco products are banned. 3) Under 16's can go anywhere in a pub under supervision. 4) Over 16's can have an alcoholic drink with a meal if accompanied by an adult.
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UK Laws On Drugs:
1) Class A - Cocaine & Heroin - max 7 years for possession - life supplying. 2) Class B - Amphetamines - max 5 years for possession - 14 years supplying. 3) Class C - Cannabis - max 2 years - 5 years supplying. Alternative limited fine.
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Social Problems from Drugs:
People die, Smelly People, Dealers are criminals, Causes gang crime, Acciedents occur.
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Health Problems from Drugs:
Death, Mental illness, Cancer, Increased risk of medical conditions, Problems with liver, heart and stomach.
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Christian Attitudes against Drugs:
1) They make it difficult to worship God. 2) St. Paul taught the body is a temple.
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Christian Attitudes for Tobacco and Alcohol:
They are okay in moderation as 1) Jesus turned water into wine. 2) St Paul said Christians can drink in moderation. 3) Jesus drank at the last supper.
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Christian Attitudes against Alcohol:
1) The Bible warns against drunkeness - Noah's drunkeness brought shame to the family. 2) Bible notes taht alcohol 'impairs judgement, inflames passions and invites violence'.
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Islamic Attitudes against Drugs and Alcohol (Haram) :
1) The Quran states Satan uses them to keep them from Allah. 2) Muhammad says they are 'khamr' (forbidden). 3) They are seen as suicide by muslim lawyers. 4) Muhammad says muslims should have nothing to do with alcohol.
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Islamic Attitudes to Tobacco:
Tobacco is not mentioned in the Quran so it has been declared as makruh which means it is extremely disliked but not Haram.
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Sin:
An act against the will of God.
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Crime:
An act against law.
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Judgement:
The act of judging people and their actions.
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Law:
Rules made by parliament and enforceable by courts.
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Justice:
Due allocation of reward and punishment, the maintenance of what is right.
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Capital Punishment:
The death penalty for a crime or offence.
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Deterrence:
The idea that punishments should be of such a nature they they will put people off committing crimes.
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Rehabilitation:
To restore to normal life.
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Retribution:
The idea that punishments should make criminals pay for what they have done wrong.
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Reform:
The idea that punishment should try to change the criminals so they will not commit crimes again.
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Addiction:
A recurring compulsion to engage in an activity regardless of its bad effects.
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Responsibility:
Being responsible for one's actions.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

St. Thomas Aquinas said an unjust law is not a proper law.

Back

Connection Between Laws and Justice:

Card 3

Front

1) People will feel it is right to break the law. 2) May cause people to feel all laws are unjust. 3) People will take laws into their own hands. 4) It may lead to a civil war.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

1) Retribution - punishment proportional to the crime. 2) Deterrence- scare people with harsh punishments. 3) Reform - educating criminals so they gain qualifications so they do not need to turn to crime.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

4) Protection - keeping a person imprisoned for so long that when they are released they are no longer a danger to society.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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