Crime

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What are the ethnic differences in crime?
Black people and Asian people are overrepresented in crime whereas white people are underrepresented
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What proportion of blacks and asians make up the population and how much do they make up the prison population?
Black make up 3% of population and 13% of prison. Asians make up 6.5% of population and 7.7% of prison
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What can the official statistics only tell us about ethnicity and crime?
They can only tell us about the ethnic minorities involvement in crime rather than if the ethnic minorities are more likely to be apart of a group who commit crime. e.g. stop and searches rates may be a result of police discrimination whereas court rates
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What other two sources of information can information on ethnicity and crime come from?
More direct information about ethnicity and crime can be through vicitm surveys and self report studies
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What are victim surveys
Here people are asked to identify what crimes that they have been a victim of, usually in the past 12 months. To find out about ethnicity, the victim can be asked to identify the ethnicity of the offender.
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What crime is shown to have an overrepresentation of black people through victim surveys?
Mugging
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What does intra-ethnic mean?
Crime is more likely to be committed within the ethnic groups rather than between ethnic groups
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What are the drawbacks to using victim surveys when studying ethnicity?
Retrospective data (white victims tend to over identify blacks even if they are not sure), only cover personal crimes which make up a fifth, exclude under 10s in which the majority of ethnic minorities are young and they tell us nothing about crime by and
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What do self report studies investigate?
They ask participants to disclose openly and honestly their own violent behaviours
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What did the Graham and Bowling study find?
White and Black people had the similar level of criminal behaviour whereas Asians were typically lower
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What did Sharp and Budd find about self report studies?
White and Mixed ethnicities were more likely to say that they have committed an offence
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What belief does the findings from self report studies challenge?
That black people are more likely to offend than white people and it proves that asians are the least likely to offend
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What is a drawback to the use of self report studies?
Results gained from self report studies can often be inconsistent
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Name the seven different stages of the CJS were discrimination and racism can be found?
Policing, stop and search, arrest, prosecution and trial, conviction and sentencing, pre-sentence report and prison
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What do Phillips and Bowling say about racism in policing?
Since the 70s there has been allegations of oppressive police activity in ethnic minority communities including mass stop and search, excessive surveillance and police violence
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How is there discrimination in stop and search?
Minority ethnic groups are more likely to be stopped and searched where police can do this if they have reasonable supsicion of a wrong doing. Black people are 7x more likely to be arrested and Asians 2x more likely - whites, only a small number end up in
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What does the Terrorism Act 2000 allow for?
THe police can stop any vehicle/person they want whether they have reasonable supscision or not whic has led to an increased stop and search on asians
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How do Phillips and Bowling note how the ethnic minorities feel about stop and searches?
They feel overpoliced and underprotected and so lack faith and trust in the police
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What are the three reasons for the patterns of stop and search?
Police racism, ethnic differences in offending and demographic factors
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How has police racism caused these patterns in stop and search?
The Mcpherson Report shows the police to be institutionally racist and some have found deeply ingrained racist attitudes in individual officers. Police held negative stereotypes about EM as criminals which is reinforced through the canteen culture of rank
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How may ethnic differences in offending cause the patterns in stop and search?
They may simply be reflective of ethnic differneces however should distinguish against high and low discretion stops. Low discretion stops is were officers rely on relevent information from specific offences whereas high discretion is were the police act
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demography
EM are more likely to make up the groups who are likely to be stopped regardless of ethnicity like youth, unemployed, manual workers and urban dwellers
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What proportion of blacks and asians make up the population and how much do they make up the prison population?

Back

Black make up 3% of population and 13% of prison. Asians make up 6.5% of population and 7.7% of prison

Card 3

Front

What can the official statistics only tell us about ethnicity and crime?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What other two sources of information can information on ethnicity and crime come from?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are victim surveys

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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