Component 3

?
  • Created by: Thinu
  • Created on: 17-05-21 23:56
What is a hypothesis?
An idea or explanation that can be tested through study and experimentation written as a statement.
1 of 50
What is a physical enquiries?
It looks at natural landscapes. e.g rivers and coasts
2 of 50
What are human enquiries?
It looks at environments that are created by people e.g cities or tourists resorts
3 of 50
What is an enquiry?
A geographical enquiry is an active, questioning approach to learning.An enquiry is based on a question that you set out to answer
4 of 50
What are the six stages of the fieldwork enquiry process?
Pose a question --> Collect data --> Process and present --> Analyse the data --> Reach a conclusion --> Evaluate the Enquiry
5 of 50
What is Primary Data?
Data that is collected first hand by the researcher
6 of 50
What are the benefits of primary data?
1) Much more specific and catered to your enquiry 2) Up to date 3) Have ownership of data
7 of 50
What is Secondary Data?
Data that is collected by someone other that is collected other than the researcher.
8 of 50
What are the benefits of secondary data?
1) Cheap 2) Quick 3) Large sample size 4) Reliable (government collected)
9 of 50
What are examples of Primary data?
1) Questionnaire 2) Interview 3) Focus Groups 4) Bipolar surveys 5) Field sketch 6) Photograph
10 of 50
What are examples of Secondary data?
1) Census data 2) Police (crime) statistics 3) Deprivation rate (quality of life) 4) Met Office 5) Water + Pollution levels 6) Employment rates
11 of 50
What is Quantitative data?
Data that comes in the form of numbers
12 of 50
What is the benefit of Quantitative data?
Can be put into a graph
13 of 50
Example of Quantitative data?
Length , mass , temperature , time
14 of 50
What is Qualitative data?
Data that is not in numerical form, often in words or images
15 of 50
What is the benefit of Qualitative data?
Subjective data which consists of opinions and detailed viewpoints
16 of 50
Example of Qualitative data?
name, gender, citizenship
17 of 50
What is random sampling?
Selecting a person to interview or site to measure, at random.Random sampling is unbiased as particular people or places are not specifically selected.
18 of 50
Advantages of random sampling?
Avoids Bias and equal chance of being selected
19 of 50
Disadvantages of random sampling?
1)Leads to poor representation of the overall parent population 2)Large areas may not be hit by random number generator 3) Constraints in terms of time availability
20 of 50
What is systematic sampling?
Collecting data in an ordered or regular way e.g every 5 metres or every fifth person
21 of 50
Advantages of systematic sampling?
1) More straightforward compared to random 2) Uniform and regular method 3)
22 of 50
Disadvantages of systematic sampling?
1) more biased as members don't have a equal chance of selection 2) Leads to over or under representation of a particular pattern
23 of 50
What is stratified sampling?
Dividing the sampling into groups, e.g three sites from each section of coastline, or five people from each age range.
24 of 50
Advantages of stratified sampling?
1) More representative of the whole population 2) Correlations and Comparisons can be made between subjects
25 of 50
Disadvantages of stratified sampling?
1) proportions must be known and accurate 2) Hard to stratify questionnaire data
26 of 50
What is difficult about Raw data tables?
It is difficult to interpret and identify trends or patterns
27 of 50
Why are Graphs and charts useful?
They are easier to read and compare and allow us to see patterns in data. Accurate presentation of data helps to form conclusion to the enquiry.
28 of 50
What does a Line Graph show?
Shows how data changes over time or space/distance. It is used fro continuous data.
29 of 50
What does Scatter Graphs show?
Shows the relationship between two sets of data. Used to see if there is correlation.
30 of 50
What does Pie Chart show?
Shows percentages within a circle.
31 of 50
What does a Bar Chart show?
Shows Grouped data.
32 of 50
More Graphs examples
Radar Graph, Chloropleth Map, Dot maps, Flow line maps, Proportional symbols, Bubble map
33 of 50
What consists of an analysis?
What have you found? Are there nay clear trends? What are the anomalies? use figures and specific places and examples from your enquiry. Draw a conclusion. What have you found/
34 of 50
What consists of an evaluation?
Considering the strengths and weaknesses of your enquiry,methods and conclusion.Relaibility?Limitations?Improvement? balanced evaluation discussing strengths and weaknesses. use specific details
35 of 50
What is true value? (when evaluating your methods)
The value that would be obtained in an ideal measurement
36 of 50
What is validity? (when evaluating your methods)
How close a measurement is to the true value
37 of 50
What is validity? (when evaluating your conclusion)
The suitability of the method to answer the question that it was intending to answer
38 of 50
What is reliability? (when evaluating your conclusion)
This is the extent to which measurement are consistent
39 of 50
How can data be more reliable?
1) Repeat and calc. average 2) Remove anomalies 3) Increasing sample size 4) over a long period of time
40 of 50
Cycles and flows are two concepts that help us what?
make sense of the geographical processes in both human and physical contexts as well as identify patterns of movement
41 of 50
Example of flows of things in the physical environment?
water
42 of 50
Example of flows of things in the human environment?
commuters
43 of 50
What could effect the flow over a certain period of time such as in a road?
Rush hours, weather conditions, Delays in services, Festivals, Road works
44 of 50
What does a flow line map show?
show the movement of objects between different areas
45 of 50
Advantage of flow line map?
Shows movement of people, goods, transport etc. allows values direction and spatial patterns to be displayed
46 of 50
Disadvantage of flow line map?
In order to achieve a clear image, the real distance and direction may be distorted
47 of 50
Flow line maps factors
When describing desire lines and flow lines, you should include: - The total e.g. total number of imports and exports between two countries. The highest and lowest amounts shown by the thickest and thinnest lines. A comparison of the arrows by notin
48 of 50
Examples of flows
Discharge of water, Number of people/pedestrians, wind, traffic, infiltration
49 of 50
Why is it a better to measure traffic flows over several times a day?
1) Pedestrian flow -movement of people vary over time so requires different time periods of data 2) People aren't awake during night so less people on roads needs to be considered.
50 of 50

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a physical enquiries?

Back

It looks at natural landscapes. e.g rivers and coasts

Card 3

Front

What are human enquiries?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is an enquiry?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the six stages of the fieldwork enquiry process?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Geography resources:

See all Geography resources »See all Geographical skills and Fieldwork resources »