Communication, homeostasis and energy
0.0 / 5
- Created by: maddiecorfield
- Created on: 05-09-17 18:10
Changes in the internal environment?
blood glucose, internal temp, water potential, cell pH
1 of 39
Changes in the external environment?
humidity, external temp, light intensity, new or sudden sound
2 of 39
How do animals react to changes in their environment?
through electrical response (neurons) and chemical response (hormones)
3 of 39
How do plants react to changes in their environment?
a number of chemical communication systems including plant hormones
4 of 39
Why is coordination needed?
produce the required response, cells have become specialised with functions, coordinating functions causes effective operation
5 of 39
How are red blood cells coordinated?
Erythrocytes transport oxygen but have no nucleus to replicate, supply maintained by hematopoietic stem cells
6 of 39
How are muscle cells coordinated?
constantly respire and require oxygen, can't transport it so are dependent on red blood cells
7 of 39
What are flowering plants coordinated with?
Season and pollinators
8 of 39
How do flowering plants coordinate?
using light sensitive chemicals to coordinate the development of flower buds
9 of 39
What is homeostasis?
The function of different cells and organs coordinated to maintain a constant internal environment
10 of 39
What is cell signalling?
One cell releasing a chemical which has an effect on a target cell
11 of 39
How is coordination planned?
Through communication at a cellular level - cell signalling
12 of 39
What can cells do through cell signalling?
transfer signals locally and transfer signals across large distances using hormones
13 of 39
Example of local cell signalling?
between neurons at a synapse using neurotransmitters
14 of 39
Example of large distance cell signalling using hormones?
pituitary gland secreting ADH to act on kidneys and maintain water balance
15 of 39
Example of plant response?
plant stems growing towards light source to maximise rate of PS, achieved through plant hormones
16 of 39
What must be kept within a narrow range for homeostasis?
concentration of chemicals like glucose, pH, water balance of body fluids, core body temp
17 of 39
What do systems use to monitor and respond to changes?
chemical and electrical systems
18 of 39
What is the result of homeostasis?
dynamic equilibrium
19 of 39
Stimulus?
change in the environment
20 of 39
Sensory receptor?
detect changes in the body and are stimulated to send a message
21 of 39
Communication system?
cell signalling in nervous/hormonal system to send message from receptor to effector
22 of 39
Effector cells?
produce response that reverses change detected by receptor cells (release hormones/ move muscles)
23 of 39
Response?
change in behaviour/physiology as a result of stimulus
24 of 39
Why is it impossible to maintain a living mammal in a completely stable state?
Every factor causes minute changes
25 of 39
Instead of a completely stable state what does the body aim to achieve?
A dynamic equilibrium with small fluctuations over a narrow range of condition
26 of 39
How do the sensory and motor neurone work together to create homeostasis?
sensory receptors detect changes in the environment and this information is sent to the brain. Impulses are sent along the motor neurone to effectors to bring about changes to restore equil...
27 of 39
Mechanoreceptor?
detects changes in pressure
28 of 39
Photoreceptors?
detects changes in light
29 of 39
Chemoreceptors?
detects chemical changes (pH)
30 of 39
Thermoreceptors?
detects temperature changes
31 of 39
What does homeostasis depend on?
sensory receptors detecting small changes in the body and effectors working to restore it
32 of 39
What do precise control mechanisms in the body depend on?
feedback systems which enable the maintenance of a relatively steady state around a narrow range of conditions
33 of 39
What is negative feedback?
Restoration to the the dynamic equilibrium, reversing the initial stimulus
34 of 39
How does negative feedback work?
A small change in one direction detected by sensory receptors, effectors work to reverse change and restore conditions to base level
35 of 39
Example of negative feedback?
Thermo and glucoregulation
36 of 39
What is positive feedback?
Change also detected by sensory receptor but effectors stimulated to reinforce change and increase response rather than restore change
37 of 39
Blood clotting - positive feedback?
Blood vessel damaged, platelets stick to damaged region, release clotting factors initiating clotting and attracting more platelets, adding to pos feedback, continuing until clot formed
38 of 39
Childbirth - positive feedback?
Head of baby presses against cervix stimulating production of hormone oxytocin, stimulates uterine contractions, pushes head of baby harder against cervix, trigger more oxytocin, cont. until baby born
39 of 39
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Changes in the external environment?
Back
humidity, external temp, light intensity, new or sudden sound
Card 3
Front
How do animals react to changes in their environment?
Back
Card 4
Front
How do plants react to changes in their environment?
Back
Card 5
Front
Why is coordination needed?
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- AQA Biology essay »
- Edexcel IGCSE Biology | PAPER 2 »
- Who else is vegan on here? »
- How to answer 6-mark questions in A-Level Biology? »
- Biology a level question - Ecology »
- TSR Goes Green: Careers in the Environmental Sector »
- ecology and conservation degree »
- Grade Growth Chronicles | From C's to A's (23-24) »
- memorising content »
- Advanced Higher Biology Project Ideas »
Similar Biology resources:
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
4.5 / 5 based on 4 ratings
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made