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6. What is NOT an initial cardiovascular response?
- Increased cardiac workload
- Tachycardia
- Arrhythmias
- Peripheral vasodilation
- Hypertension
7. The thermal conductivity of water is how many times greater than air?
8. Is salt water or fresh water more dangerous?
- Salt - greater irritant so fluid retention raises pressure
- Fresh - alveolar collapse
9. What is not an effect of post immersion response?
- Facilitation of venous return
- Decreased cardiovascular demand
- Collapse in arterial pressure
- Redistribution of blood to central spaces
- Cold induced diuresis
10. The short term response is from ... after immersion
- 2 hours
- 1 hour
- 5-30 mins
- 1-5 mins
11. The human body cools how many times faster in water than it does in air?
12. After how long is the long term response phase?
- 10 mins
- 20 mins
- 30 mins
- 1 hour
13. What is death by drowning NOT due to?
- Alkalosis
- Hypercapnia
- Hypoxia
14. What is not an effect of long term immersion?
- Shivering
- Persistent muscle rigidity
- Unconsciousness
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Confusion and disorientation
15. What is NOT an initial respiratory response?
- Increased breath hold time
- Hyperventilation
- Gasp response
- Muscle spasm
- Difficulty in breathing
16. What percentage of drownings occur in strong swimmers?
17. Water density is how many times greater than the water density of air?
18. What is an incorrect reason for decreased contractile force during the short term response?
- Reduced enzyme activity
- Slower rates of diffusion
- Increased ACH activity
- Reduced calcium release
19. How many deaths are there by drowning per year worldwide?
- 320,000
- 370,000
- 720,000
- 230,000
20. What is the number of accidental deaths in the UK by drowning per year?
- 1000-1600
- 400-1000
- 100-400
- 1600-2200