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6. What is not an effect of long term immersion?

  • Unconsciousness
  • Confusion and disorientation
  • Persistent muscle rigidity
  • Shivering
  • Ventricular fibrillation

7. Water density is how many times greater than the water density of air?

  • 827
  • 936
  • 656
  • 263

8. What is an incorrect reason for decreased contractile force during the short term response?

  • Slower rates of diffusion
  • Increased ACH activity
  • Reduced enzyme activity
  • Reduced calcium release

9. Is salt water or fresh water more dangerous?

  • Salt - greater irritant so fluid retention raises pressure
  • Fresh - alveolar collapse

10. What is death by drowning NOT due to?

  • Alkalosis
  • Hypercapnia
  • Hypoxia

11. After how long is the long term response phase?

  • 20 mins
  • 30 mins
  • 10 mins
  • 1 hour

12. The thermal conductivity of water is how many times greater than air?

  • 27
  • 16
  • 32
  • 63

13. The human body cools how many times faster in water than it does in air?

  • 11
  • 5
  • 7
  • 2

14. What is the number of accidental deaths in the UK by drowning per year?

  • 400-1000
  • 100-400
  • 1000-1600
  • 1600-2200

15. What is an incorrect effect of the short term response?

  • More fast twitch fibres are recruited
  • Legs are a major site of heat loss
  • Reduced contractile force

16. How many deaths are there by drowning per year worldwide?

  • 720,000
  • 320,000
  • 370,000
  • 230,000

17. What is NOT an initial cardiovascular response?

  • Increased cardiac workload
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia

18. What is an incorrect reason to tread water?

  • Reactivates blood flow to muscles
  • Facilitates buoyancy
  • Restores brain blood flow back to pre immersion levels

19. What percentage of drownings occur within 3m of safe refuge?

  • 32%
  • 55%
  • 45%
  • 67%

20. The short term response is from ... after immersion

  • 1-5 mins
  • 2 hours
  • 5-30 mins
  • 1 hour