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6. What is not an effect of long term immersion?
- Unconsciousness
- Confusion and disorientation
- Persistent muscle rigidity
- Shivering
- Ventricular fibrillation
7. Water density is how many times greater than the water density of air?
8. What is an incorrect reason for decreased contractile force during the short term response?
- Slower rates of diffusion
- Increased ACH activity
- Reduced enzyme activity
- Reduced calcium release
9. Is salt water or fresh water more dangerous?
- Salt - greater irritant so fluid retention raises pressure
- Fresh - alveolar collapse
10. What is death by drowning NOT due to?
- Alkalosis
- Hypercapnia
- Hypoxia
11. After how long is the long term response phase?
- 20 mins
- 30 mins
- 10 mins
- 1 hour
12. The thermal conductivity of water is how many times greater than air?
13. The human body cools how many times faster in water than it does in air?
14. What is the number of accidental deaths in the UK by drowning per year?
- 400-1000
- 100-400
- 1000-1600
- 1600-2200
15. What is an incorrect effect of the short term response?
- More fast twitch fibres are recruited
- Legs are a major site of heat loss
- Reduced contractile force
16. How many deaths are there by drowning per year worldwide?
- 720,000
- 320,000
- 370,000
- 230,000
17. What is NOT an initial cardiovascular response?
- Increased cardiac workload
- Peripheral vasodilation
- Arrhythmias
- Hypertension
- Tachycardia
18. What is an incorrect reason to tread water?
- Reactivates blood flow to muscles
- Facilitates buoyancy
- Restores brain blood flow back to pre immersion levels
19. What percentage of drownings occur within 3m of safe refuge?
20. The short term response is from ... after immersion
- 1-5 mins
- 2 hours
- 5-30 mins
- 1 hour