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6. What is NOT an initial cardiovascular response?

  • Increased cardiac workload
  • Tachycardia
  • Arrhythmias
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Hypertension

7. The thermal conductivity of water is how many times greater than air?

  • 63
  • 16
  • 27
  • 32

8. Is salt water or fresh water more dangerous?

  • Salt - greater irritant so fluid retention raises pressure
  • Fresh - alveolar collapse

9. What is not an effect of post immersion response?

  • Facilitation of venous return
  • Decreased cardiovascular demand
  • Collapse in arterial pressure
  • Redistribution of blood to central spaces
  • Cold induced diuresis

10. The short term response is from ... after immersion

  • 2 hours
  • 1 hour
  • 5-30 mins
  • 1-5 mins

11. The human body cools how many times faster in water than it does in air?

  • 5
  • 11
  • 2
  • 7

12. After how long is the long term response phase?

  • 10 mins
  • 20 mins
  • 30 mins
  • 1 hour

13. What is death by drowning NOT due to?

  • Alkalosis
  • Hypercapnia
  • Hypoxia

14. What is not an effect of long term immersion?

  • Shivering
  • Persistent muscle rigidity
  • Unconsciousness
  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Confusion and disorientation

15. What is NOT an initial respiratory response?

  • Increased breath hold time
  • Hyperventilation
  • Gasp response
  • Muscle spasm
  • Difficulty in breathing

16. What percentage of drownings occur in strong swimmers?

  • 67%
  • 23%
  • 85%
  • 73%

17. Water density is how many times greater than the water density of air?

  • 263
  • 827
  • 656
  • 936

18. What is an incorrect reason for decreased contractile force during the short term response?

  • Reduced enzyme activity
  • Slower rates of diffusion
  • Increased ACH activity
  • Reduced calcium release

19. How many deaths are there by drowning per year worldwide?

  • 320,000
  • 370,000
  • 720,000
  • 230,000

20. What is the number of accidental deaths in the UK by drowning per year?

  • 1000-1600
  • 400-1000
  • 100-400
  • 1600-2200