6. The duration of sensory memory was first investigated during the 1960s by which psychologist?
Jean Piaget
Donald Broadbent
George Sperling
Anne Treisman
7. Sarah is participating in a memory test. She must inspect a list of words and then recall them in any order she likes. What method is she using?
Interval recall
Cued recall
Free recall
Recognition
8. Lizzie is given a list of information & asked to memorise & later recall them. Upon recall, she has an increased ability to recall the first items in the list as she has more time to rehearse them. What is this an example of?
Primacy effect
Dependent effect
Recency effect
Independent effect
9. Who proposed the multi-store model of memory?
Atkinson & Shiffrin (1958)
Eysenck & Keane (1990)
Broadbent (1958)
Treisman (1964)
10. What are the three major processes involved in memory?
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Encoding, accommodation, retrieval
Attenuation, filter, retrieval
Attenuation, storage, retrieval
11. Lizzie is given a list of information & asked to memorise & later recall them. Upon recall, she has an increased ability to recall the last words in the list as they are just still in her memory. What is this an example of?
Recency effect
Primacy effect
Independent effect
Dependent effect
12. Who proposed the Working Memory Model to replace the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
Atkinson & Shiffrin (1958)
Baddeley & Hitch (1974)
Eysenck & Keane (1990)
Broadbent (1958)
13. In 1890, William James made a distinction between ‘primary memory’ & ‘secondary memory’. How did he define secondary memory?
Memories which are held for an incredibly short period of time
Memories which we are not presently holding in conscious awareness, but which are held in storage ready to be recalled
Memories which we are holding in our conscious awareness & which are currently receiving our attention
Memories related to sight only
14. In 1890, William James made a distinction between ‘primary memory’ & ‘secondary memory’. How did he define primary memory?
Memories which we are holding in our conscious awareness & which are currently receiving our attention
Memories related to sight only
Memories which we are not presently holding in conscious awareness, but which are held in storage ready to be recalled
Memories which are held for an incredibly short period of time
15. Lizzie is taking a multiple-choice test for revision. She has identified some material she had learnt during the semester and gets the question right. What is this an example of?
Free recall
Recognition
Cued recall
Interval recall
16. Sperling (1960) believed that information in iconic storage decays within:
About 0.5s
About 2 seconds
About 1 minute
About 5 minutes
17. According to Baddeley & Hitch, what is working memory?
It retains information long enough for it to be recognised
It is the short-term storage of information & has the capacity to manipulate this information
It is just the short-term storage of information
It stores information for an extended period
18. What are the two main components of the serial position effect?
Immediate recall & serial recall
Primacy effect & recency effect
Primary effect & secondary effect
Independent recall & dependent recall
19. In order to form new memories, information must be changed into a usable form. What is this process called?
Accommodation
Encoding
Retrieval
Storage
20. According to Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968), what is the earliest stage of memory?
