format in which information is stored in various memory stores
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research study on coding - procedure
Baddeley (1966) - gave different list of words to 4 groups to remember: acoustically similar acoustically dissimilar semantically similar semantically dissimilar
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research study on coding - findings
people did worse with acoustically similar after 20 mins (STM) and did worse semantically similar in LTM
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define capacity
amount of information held in a memory store
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digit span - capacity
jacobs (1887) - participant recalls 4 digits in order, iff correct go to 5... until participant answers incorrectly. mean span 9.3 (digits) 7.3 (letters)
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span of memory and chunking - capacity
miller (1956) - observations in everyday practise and noticed things come in 7s. people can recall 5 words as well as letters. chunking - grouping sets of digits or letters into units or chunks
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define duration
length of time something can be held in memory
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research on duration -STM
Peterson (1959) - participant did 8 trials. given a consonant syllable and 3 digit number.counted down from number until told to stop (prevent mental rehearsal) stopped at different times (retention interval)STM-short duration unless verbal rehearsal
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research on duration -LTM procedure
Bahrick (1975) got high school year books of 392 participants aged 17-74. asked to recall in different ways: photo recognition (what photo from their year book out of 50) free recall: recall names of graduating class.
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research on duration -LTM findings
tested within 15 years - 90% 48 years - 70% (photo recognition) 15 years - 60% 48 years - 30%
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main evaluation points of coding capacity and duration
meaningless stimuli, articifical stimuli, lack validity, not so many chunks, criticising Peterson and Peterson, external validity
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evaluation of coding capacity and duration - meaningless stimuli
lack external validity however we tend to remember meaningless things
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evaluation of coding capacity and duration - artificial stimuli
coding - hard to generalise as people may use semantic coding for STM
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evaluation of coding capacity and duration - lack validity
capacity : Jacobs lacked control due to confounding variables
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evaluation of coding capacity and duration - not so many chunks
overestimated capacity. Cowan (2001) - only 4 chunks not 7
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evaluation of coding capacity and duration - criticising Peterson and Peterson
may have spontaneous decay if not rehearsed so STM is displaced
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evaluation of coding capacity and duration - external validity
Bahrick was not meaningless however had confounding variables
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Baddeley (1966) - gave different list of words to 4 groups to remember: acoustically similar acoustically dissimilar semantically similar semantically dissimilar
Back
research study on coding - procedure
Card 3
Front
people did worse with acoustically similar after 20 mins (STM) and did worse semantically similar in LTM
Back
Card 4
Front
amount of information held in a memory store
Back
Card 5
Front
jacobs (1887) - participant recalls 4 digits in order, iff correct go to 5... until participant answers incorrectly. mean span 9.3 (digits) 7.3 (letters)
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