Coding, Capacity and Duration of memory

Created by: amie1230x
Created on: 02-03-20 13:56

Research on Coding

Coding is the format in which information is stored. Baddeley (1996) gave lists of words to 4 groups of participants. Found out that coding is acoustic in STM and semantic in LTM.

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Research on Capacity

Digit Span- Jacobs (1887) gave participants numbers and added digits each time the number was recalled accurately. Average is 9.3 digits and 7.3 letters. Miller researched span of memory and chunking (7+/-2 span). Chunking extended STM capacity.

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Research on Duration

STM=Peterson and Peterson (1959) gave consonant syllables to participants to remember: up to 18 seconds without rehearsal. LTM= Bahrick et al.(yearbooks): recognition of faces after 15 years was 90% accurate. After 48 years recognition dropped to 70%

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Evaluation of Coding

Artificial stimuli- word lists have no personal significance therefore cannot generalise the findings

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Evaluation of Capacity

Jacob's study lacks validity, it was conducted a long time ago so may include extraneous variables such as distraction. A limitation of Miller's is that he may have overestimated capacity of STM. Cowan reviewed it and decided on 4 chunks.

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Evaluation of Duration

Research used meaningless stimuli (consonant syllables). Another criticism of Peterson and Peterson is the memory may be displaced not decayed. However, in Barrack's study there was high external validity as real meaningful memories were studied.

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Research on Capacity

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Artificial stimuli- word lists have no personal significance therefore cannot generalise the findings

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Coding, Capacity and Duration of memory