Rocks are thrown by the sea ad scrape against the cliff breaking pieces away
2 of 32
Define Attrition
Rocks in the sea hit together, becoming smoother and rounder
3 of 32
Define Hydraulic Power
Waves crashing against the cliff forcing air into cracks, which widens them
4 of 32
Define Solution (erosion)
Sea water is slightly acidic and dissolves rocks like limestone
5 of 32
Name the 4 types of transportation
Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution
6 of 32
Define Traction
LARGE rocks ROLLING along the sea bed
7 of 32
Define Saltation
SMALL pebbles BOUNCING along the sea bed
8 of 32
Define Suspension
FINE particles like sand CARRIED in the sea water
9 of 32
Define Solution (transportation)
DISSOLVED particles CARRIED in the sea water
10 of 32
Why do waves deposit sediment?
LOSS OF ENERGY: Less energy (sheltered bay) and increased sediment (mass movement)
11 of 32
What is erosion?
The breakdown of rock in water
12 of 32
What is weathering?
The breakdown of rocks on land in situ, due to a change in the atmosphere
13 of 32
Name the three types of MECHANICAL weathering
Freeze thaw, onion peel and salt weathering
14 of 32
Give the name of CHEMICAL weathering
Carbonation
15 of 32
What's the difference between chemical and mechanical weathering?
In chemical the rock changes, in mechanical it doesn't
16 of 32
Describe the process of chemical weathering
Rain water is slightly acidic and dissolves rocks like limestone
17 of 32
Describe the process of freeze thaw weathering
Water gets into cracks in the rock, and freezes and expands when temperature drops below 0, which widens cracks. The water melts and the process repeats, breaking rocks apart
18 of 32
Describe onion peel weathering
Rocks warmed during the day meaning they expand, and cool at night so they contract. Repeat of this creates cracks on the surface and outer layers peel away
19 of 32
Describe salt weathering
Salt spray enters the crack, water evaporates and the salt crystallises. This then expands, weakening the rocks.
20 of 32
Name the 3 mass movements
Slumps, Slides and Rockfalls
21 of 32
Rock falls occur on what type of rock?
Bare, well-jointed, vertical hard rock
22 of 32
What are the two types of slide?
Rock and Mud
23 of 32
Describe the process of a slump
Rainwater soaks into permeable sand, but can't soak into impermeable clay beneath, so top layer becomes heavy and unstable and collapses. Waves wash sediment away and process repeats
24 of 32
What causes waves?
Wind
25 of 32
What 3 factors influence the energy of a wave?
Wind speed, fetch and the time the wind is blowing for
26 of 32
Describe the characteristics of a constructive wave
Low height, low frequency(6-8 per min), strong swash, weak backwash, long wave length, build up beaches
27 of 32
Describe the characteristics of a destructive wave
High height, hight frequency (10-15 per min), weak swash, strong backwash, short wave length, erode beaches
28 of 32
Define mass movement
The downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity
29 of 32
Define transportation
The movement of sediment
30 of 32
How can humans cause deposition?
Building groins which trap sediment
31 of 32
What is load?
Sediment carried by the sea
32 of 32
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Define Abrasion
Back
Rocks are thrown by the sea ad scrape against the cliff breaking pieces away
Comments
No comments have yet been made