6. What best describes the following description from the options presented: "Pain is bursting in nature, commonly unilateral in nature, pain relief from the leg elevation, and oedema always present "
Neurogenic claudication
Venous claudication
Atrial claudication
Two of the answer presented fit the description completely
7. Which is not a significant enquiry in the Drug Hx of PAD?
Vasoactive drugs for claudication
Cardiac medications
Alcohol consumption
Adherence to antiplatelet, lipid lowering, antihypertensive and diabetic therapies
8. Which statement is not a definition or part of a definition of critical ischaemia?
Severe, multilevel, lower limb PAD that requires urgent vascular surgery referral, as failure to revascularize may develop into tissue loss or amputation
Haemodynamically significant lower limb ischaemia as an ankle-to-brachial pressure index of <0.9 at rest
Tissue loss associated with an ankle pressure of < 50 mmHg or a toe pressure of < 30 mmHg
When blood flow is insufficient to meet the metabolic demand of the tissues, even at rest
Rest pain persisting for > 2 weeks and requiring opiate analgesia
9. Which of the following is true regarding the examination of PAD?
Inspection for ulceration, with particular care between the toes, heels and pressure sores
Auscultation of bruits at the femoral pulse indicates a serious aortoiliac disease
Buerger's test positive is indicative of Reynaud's phenomenon
ABPI <0.4 is indicative of intermittent claudication
10. Which investigation is most appropriate in PAD for: suspected unilateral disease?
MRI
Angiography
Duplex ultrasound
CT
11. Which statement is untrue, regarding superficial venous thrombophlebits?
Occurrence in up to 15% of patients with severe various veins
May result in a DVT
May result in a PE
Common in pregnancy
Recurrence may be indicative of underlying malignancy
12. Which is not a significant enquiry in the Family Hx of PAD?
AAA
DVT
Vascular disease
Premature coronary disease
13. What condition can make rest pain in PAD hard to distinguish from?
Diabetic neuropathy
Deep vein thrombosis
Osteoarthritis
None of the above
14. Which is not a classical feature of AAA?
Syncope and shock (hypertension)
Haematemesis
Pulsatile abdominal mass
Abdominal/back pain
15. Which answer is most likely for the following statement: "Affects men more, patient with diabetes, a smoker, high fat diet, ulceration on the heel of the foot, patient cold with absent pulses"
None of the above
Venous ulceration
Arterial ulceration
Neuropathic ulceration
16. Which is not a DDX of Intermittent Claudication in PAD?
Lumber spinal stenosis
Angina
Osteoarthritis
DVT
17. Which answer is most likely for the following statement: "Affects more woman than men, with a family Hx of thrombophilia, painless swelling that is relieved by leg elevation, ulceration on the medial side of the calf, with lipodermosclerosis on inspection
Neuropathic ulceration
Venous ulceration
Arterial ulceration
None of the above
18. Being the mainstay Tx for venous leg ulcers, why is graduated compression bandaging sometimes contraindicated?
No adequate arterial circulation
Painless ulceration
Painful ulceration
Aggregate symptoms when used
19. What best describes the following description from the options presented: "Ill defined or whole leg site of pain, often bilateral in nature, relieved from bending forwards or sitting down, and pulses are normal"
Venous claudication
Neurogenic claudication
Atrial claudication
None of the above
20. Which of the following is not correct about the Fontaine classification of lower limb ischaemia?
