6. Which of the following statements regarding an ECG is incorrect?
Leads v3 and v4 are known as anterior leads
Shows the sound waves, which evaluate valve abnormalities
Illustrates the depolarisation wave movement with each heart beat (wave of positive charge)
Leads I, aVL, v5 and v6 are lateral leads
Leads II, III and aVF are inferior leads
Leads v1 and v2 are considered as septal leads
7. Which investigation may assess left ventricular function, as well as myocardial perfusion at rest and exercise?
CXR
Cardiac Catheterisation
MRI
Radionuclide studies
CT
8. Which of the following statements are untrue about Diastolic murmur?
Best heard at the left sternal edge, with the patient leaning forward in held expiration
Mid-diastolic murmurs are usually caused by mitral stenosis, which is best heard at the apex with the bell of a stethoscope, where the patient is positioned on to their left
A murmur of a tricuspid stenosis is rare but similar to that of mitral stenosis
Commonly associated murmur is caused from pulmonary regurgitation
The typical associated murmur is caused from aortic regurgitation
9. Which of the following is incorrect, regarding the axis of the heart?
-150⁰C signals left axis deviation
-30⁰C signals a normal electrical axis
LAD can be caused by right ventricular damage
-90⁰C signals right axis deviation
RAD can be caused by right ventricular hypertrophies
RAD can be caused by left ventricular damage
LAD can be caused by left ventricular hypertrophies
10. What is cTnT used to detect?
In patients with signs of anaemia
In patients with acute chest pain, to investigate myocardial injury or infarction
In patients with possible connective tissue disorders
In patients who require a safe guide for the use of antiplatelet therapies and coagulation
11. Which of the following are true regarding S3 sounds?
Is a normal heart sound, and is found only in pregnant woman as normal physiology
Is an abnormal heart sound, as is almost always associated with Atrial fibrillation
Can be normal or abnormal (dependent on age and pathology)
Is a sound that cannot be heard, but is known by the fact that it delays S1 significantly, almost like a 'gap'
12. On chest inspection, which of the following do not correspond as a possible/likely reason for a scar?