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6. What is the definition of diastole in blood pressure?

  • Is the lowest value applied by blood vessels before the next cycle (filling and contracting of the heart)
  • Is the lowest pressure produced by during arterial filling
  • Is the pressure exerted against arterial walls during blood circulation in the body
  • Is the maximum pressure produced during ventricular contraction

7. What information is true, regarding Clubbing of fingers and/or toes?

  • Approximately 60% of cases are acquired from Cardiovascular conditions
  • Is a permanent feature that cannot recede once you get it
  • Approximately 70% of cases are acquired from Thoracic related conditions
  • Not a possible cause from congenital or familial traits

8. When observing depigmentation of the skin, which of the following would not be a possible cause?

  • Albinism
  • Hypopituitarism
  • Nelson's syndrome
  • Vitiligo

9. What best describes: An inherited condition of excessive iron absorption in the skin, resulting in hyperpigmentation due to iron deposition and increased melanin production

  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Haemosiderin
  • Haemochromatosis
  • Hypercarotenaemia

10. What is the definition of blood pressure?

  • Is the pressure exerted against arterial walls during blood circulation in the body
  • Is the maximum pressure produced during ventricular contraction
  • Is the lowest pressure produced by during arterial filling
  • Is the lowest value applied by blood vessels before the next cycle (filling and contracting of the heart)

11. Which of the following options is not a Cardiovascular cause of finger or toe clubbing?

  • Mesothelioma
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Arteriovenous shunts and aneurysms
  • Cyanotic congenital heart disease

12. Which of the following statements are incorrect, regarding BP measurement?

  • Atrial fibrillation repeat measurements to get an average reading due to stroke volume and BP varying from heart beat to heart beat
  • The position needs to be below the heart line, as otherwise hydrostatic pressure causes a change in recordings
  • A patient in supine position with a BP that drops by >20 mmHg when standing, is known to have postural hypotension
  • A difference of BP in each arm is indicative of aortic or subclavian artery disease

13. Which of the following is not considered sinus rhythm for an irregular pulse?

  • Atrial extrasystoles
  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • Ventricular extrasystoles
  • Sinus arrhythmias

14. Which of the following is not considered an arrhythmia for an irregular pulse?

  • Atrial flutter with variable response
  • Complete heart block
  • Second degree heart block with variable response
  • Atrial fibrillation

15. Which of the following is not a tachycardic arrhythmia?

  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • Ventricular tachycardia
  • Supraventricular tachycardia
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Atrial flutter

16. What are the common causes of tachycardia?

  • Sinus tachycardia
  • Athletic conditioning, sinoatrial or atrioventricular node dysfunction, medication
  • Medications only
  • Hyperlipidaemia, obesity, atrial fibrillation, medications

17. Which medication listed may cause tachycardia?

  • Digoxin
  • Verapamil
  • Salbutamol
  • Beta-blockers

18. Where should you feel for the rate and rhythm of a pulse?

  • Carotid artery
  • Femoral artery
  • Radial artery
  • Brachial artery

19. Which medication listed does not cause bradycardia?

  • Vasodilators
  • Beta-Blockers
  • Digoxin
  • Verapamil

20. What is the definition of systole in blood pressure?

  • Is the maximum pressure produced during ventricular contraction
  • Is the lowest value applied by blood vessels before the next cycle (filling and contracting of the heart)
  • Is the pressure exerted against arterial walls during blood circulation in the body
  • Is the lowest pressure produced by during arterial filling