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6. What percentage of members of the working class were union members in 1979 and 1997?

  • 21%-12%
  • 31%-28%
  • 38%-21%
  • 44%-22%

7. How would Heath, Jowell and Curtis characterise the change in support for the Labour party in 1997?

  • a shift
  • gradual realignment
  • critical realignment
  • critical juncture

8. Who found that left-wing extremism has no effect on the extent of class voting but left-right polarization does?

  • Jansen, Evans and De Graaf
  • Lipset and Rokkan
  • Heath, Jowell and Curtis
  • Evans and Tilley

9. Which of the following is not an explanation for the change in class voting explored by Best?

  • income
  • size of group
  • loyalty
  • turnout

10. Who found that having more polarized parties correlates with higher partisanship amongst voters?

  • Heath
  • Best
  • Evans
  • Tilley

11. Who said 'A person thinks politically as he is socially'?

  • Best
  • Heath
  • Lazarsfeld
  • Blair

12. Who says that demographic facts provide a low-information shortcut to estimating candidates' policy preferences?

  • Popkin
  • Pitkin
  • Parsons
  • Heath

13. Who shows that there is a persisting difference in party preference between cohorts which demonstrates the impact of generational socialization effects?

  • Butler and Stokes
  • Lipset and Rokkan
  • Brooks and Manza
  • Evans and Tilley

14. What percentage of members of the working class were council house tenants in 1979 and 1997?

  • 60%-42%
  • 54%-34%
  • 44%-24%
  • 20%-12%

15. Which group in the USA, according to Brooks and Manza have moved from being the most likely to vote Republican to the second most likely to vote Democrat?

  • White-collar
  • Blue-collar
  • Professionals
  • Non-manual service

16. Who said: 'the reason Labour lost in 1992... society had changed and we did not change with it'?

  • John Prescott
  • David Milliband
  • Tony Blair
  • Gordon Brown

17. Who found that social (descriptive) representation matters more than policy (substantive) representation when making vote choices?

  • Heath
  • Best
  • Jowell
  • Curtis

18. Which of the following is not a reason given by Heath, Jowell and Curtis for the decline in size of the traditional Labour voter base?

  • immigration
  • decrease in the number of council house tennants
  • decline in union membership

19. Who says that it is undeniable that workers still favour leftist parties, there are just fewer of them to do so?

  • Dalton
  • Mair
  • Best
  • Crouch

20. Who put forward the theory of cognitive mobilization? (voters rely less on social cues when casting votes due to educational increases and media)

  • Tilley
  • Heath
  • Dalton
  • Lijphart